Urban Land Use Models :: Papers

Urban Land Use Models Often in geography models are used to try to explain something that we can see in the physical environment. During the 20th century a number of models were developed to try to explain how urban areas grew. Although models show a very general idea of the make of the city, all of the ones described here have aspects that can be seen in most cities in the developed and developing world. The burgess Model In 1925, E.W. Burgess presented an urban land use model, which divided cities in a set of concentric circles expanding from the downtown to the suburbs. This representation was built from Burgesss observations of a number of American cities, notably Chicago. According to this model, a large city is divided in concentric zones with a tendency of each inner zone to expand in the some other zone. Urban growth is thus a process of expansion and recon version of land uses. For instance on this figure zone II (Factory zone) is expanding towards zone IV (Working class zone), creating a transition zone with recon version of land use. Although the Burgess model is simple and elegant, it has drawn numerous criticisms * The model is too simple and express mail in historical and cultural applications up to the 1950s. It is a product of its time. * The model was developed when American cities were growing very fast in demographic ground and when individual transportation was still uncommon. Expansion thus involved recon version of land uses. This concept cannot be applied in a contemporary (second half(a) to the 20th century) context where highways have enabled urban development to escape the recon version process and settle in the suburbs. * The model was developed for American cities and has limited pertinence elsewhere. It has been demonstrated that

Alcohol abuse among the elderly :: essays research papers

Alcohol Abuse Among the Elderly PopulationAlcohol abuse among the elderly is a widespread problem through the United States. It is hard to discover by physicians and medical providers, because many of these people have been abusing alcohol secretly for years. The population is extremely unlikely to admit that they have problems with alcohol, especially during a routine health rush visit. As many as 15% of the population over 65 may be heavy drinkers, although this number is hard to pin down. Elderly people usually drink due to depression, loneliness and lack of social support. roughly alcohol abuse comes from a lifetime history whereas others develop alcoholic drinking patterns later in life. Alcoholism accounts for more than 15% of health care costs in the elderly. It is associated with an estimated 100,000 deaths per year in the United States. Alcohol consumption can produce both benefits and risks. In terms of benefits, men who drink 2 to six alcoholic beverages per week have decreased mortality rates and lower cardiovascular disease when compared with abstainers. On the negative side, two studies of 300,000 men demo increased mortality among those consuming more than 2 to 3 drinks daily. Women, are more affected by less alcohol than men, perhaps because they have a lower blood volume, and so its distribution and decreased activity for gastric alcohol dehydrogenase are increased. The primary care physician plays an important type in making the diagnosis and in helping the older alcoholic receive proper medical and psychological care.As patients grow older, and develop conditions that conduct prescription and over the counter medications, opportunities for dangerous alcohol/drug interactions increase.

I Once Was Blind, but Now I See :: Personal Narrative

I Once Was Blind, but Now I See A sunrise has the power to free us from the dull ghost of night. Like clockwork, the sun rises every morning bringing golden rays of softly that illuminate the world around us. It provides life to objects that surround us everywhere. The deep kelvin needles of a pine, the crystal blue sky, or even the rich black surface of pavement all owe their color to the trillions of tiny rays that pour conquer from the sun everyday. Many people go about their everyday lives without even looking at the world around them. Everyday people take for apt(p) what they are able to see. People dont think about what it would be like if they woke up nonpareil morning and the sunrise wasnt there. What would it be like if all the light from the world was taken away and all that was left was cold lonely darkness? Most people couldnt fare this question, but I can.When I was in ninth grade, my top concerns in life were things like whom I was going to ask to the dance, maki ng the varsity wrestle team, and hanging out with my buds. I had no real conception of the world around me, except that I was in it. From the foster I woke up until the second I went to sleep, I took everything I saw as a given routine. My mothers emerald green eyes, a fresh red apple, and even the conspicuous sparkle of Nikki Melouskys braces were some the little things I took for granted every time I saw them. On a chilly January day, one wrestling practice would change my life.The ground was blanketed with a thick sheet of white snow, and it was so cold your fingers went numb after five seconds in the chilly air. I was at wrestling practice and everything was running as usual, except we were sweating bullets. See, the object of a wrestling practice is to sweat weight off, and thats difficult to do when it is below zero outside. My coachs solution was to make it hot ninety-nine degrees hot When its that hot, you sweat so ofttimes it makes a puddle. This puddle of sweat would o pen the window that let me see our world in a different light or, better yet, no light at all.I was a hard worker, but my friend Devon liked to push my buttons when we wrestled.

Life Struggling Against Death in Shakespeares Sixtieth Sonnet (Sonnet

Life Struggling Against Death in Shakespeares Sixtieth sonnet (Sonnet 60)Shakespeares sixtieth sonnet is probably addressed to the same young, potent friend to whom most or only of the earlier sonnets are said to be addressed. The sonnet does not specify this, however, so it could be to anyone or everyone. The fundament is certainly universal time steals human life away, but poetry is immortal. The poet uses diction and imagery to paint a picture of life struggling against stopping point and losing. The speaker of the sonnet tells the audience in the first quatrain that human life is fleeting. He or she refers to life as our minutes (813). This is a twist on the traditional expression our days. The use of minutes in place of days makes life seem even shorter and gives the metrical composition a sense of urgency. The speaker uses draw in imagery to show the audience that life is rushing Like as the waves make toward the pibbled shore,/ So do our minutes hasten to their end (81 3). The wave is a very appropriate symbol for life. First it is nonexistent, then it becomes a small groove on the water, then it swells to greatness. As it grows in size, it fixtures up, as life seems to speed up as people grow older. The speaker says that the minutes of life are Each changing place with that which goes before,/ In sequent toil all forwards do contend (813). The speaker treats the minutes of life without glamour. The minutes, like the waves, pass in the same way as those that wint before them. The speaker uses the pronounce toil to imply that life is drudgery. The wave, even when swollen to its zenith acts in an imitative and monotonous way. Then it begins to shrink more(prenominal) quickly than it grew, finally dissipating as it crashes o... ...d zipper stands but for his scythe to mow, but in the next line says that the verse shall stand (813). The speaker also implies that the poetry might be written more in spite of Time than in praise of the audience. Th e worth of the audience is mentioned only once, while the mighty enemy, Time, is the focus. The victor over Time is the verse. The speaker of the poem tells the audience that he or she should be flattered that they were chosen as the subject of the speakers poetry. The speaker convinces the audience that life is weak and Time is strong, but the speakers poetry is stronger still. peradventure the speaker felt that the audience was not appreciative enough of some previous efforts at immortalizing him or her in verse For whatever reason, the speaker of Sonnet Sixty gives the audience a profound example of the importance of poetry.

Jurassic Park :: essays research papers

Jurassic super CFrom the story many questions arise about the condition of the future. With the accession of bio engine room, what we all want to know is, will this technology be used for the good of mankind? Will it be used to create faster and easier methods of operative? Will it be used to create bio-technological replicas of human being that will be able to do our work for us or will the technology be used too misguidingly and lead to the downfall of humanity? All the questions and more are what plague the minds of scientists when depicting to perfect this technology. As we approach the 21st coulomb we need to keep in mind that the condition of the world can only benefit from this technology if used properly. If we corrupt this new science field, and try to play God and create super humans we will be disturbing nature and this will bring about humanities down fall. If this technology is used to replace all human work, we as a people will forget the manual way to work. If w e totally rely on computers in the future we will be making mankind obsolete.In the story, the mathematician Malcolm is the philosophical voice that questions the durability of the park and the accountability of the science used to re-create the dinosaurs. He challenges the ideas of Dr.Wu and end up being right in the end about the animals. He also states that society will turn into an information society and fantasy will be banished. By this he is saying that if the world of technology continues on the path it is on now, the future will be run and hardened by technology. Humans will leave everything to machines and we will have an era where humans, as I stated above will become obsolete. All humans will fall into a lazy phase and we will be in a mechanical era.In the early chapters of the book, Malcolm states that the whole Jurassic Park idea will not work because of the Chaos Theory. The Chaos Theory states that first complex systems like weather have an underlying order and pl unk for the reverse of that the simple systems can produce complex behavior. I do agree with this theory, especially the second part because simple systems can be inevitable to a point, but the slightest change in the system can throw off all predictions by a wide margin.

Jurassic Park :: essays research papers

Jurassic ParkFrom the story many questions arise about the condition of the future. With the introduction of biotechnology, what we all want to know is, get out this technology be used for the good of mankind? Will it be used to create faster and easier methods of working? Will it be used to create bio-technological replicas of humans that give be able to do our work for us or pull up stakes the technology be used too misguidingly and lead to the downfall of humanity? entirely the questions and more are what plague the minds of scientists when trying to perfect this technology. As we approach the 21st century we need to keep in mind that the condition of the human beings mickle only benefit from this technology if used properly. If we corrupt this new science field, and try to play God and create super humans we will be disturbing nature and this will bring about humanities down fall. If this technology is used to replace all human work, we as a people will forget the manual w ay to work. If we totally rely on computers in the future we will be making mankind obsolete.In the story, the mathematician Malcolm is the philosophical voice that questions the durability of the park and the accountability of the science used to re-create the dinosaurs. He challenges the ideas of Dr.Wu and finale up being right in the end about the animals. He also states that society will turn into an information society and thought will be banished. By this he is saying that if the human of technology continues on the path it is on now, the future will be run and determined by technology. Humans will leave everything to machines and we will piss an era where humans, as I stated above will become obsolete. All humans will fall into a lazy phase and we will be in a mechanical era.In the early chapters of the book, Malcolm states that the whole Jurassic Park idea will not work because of the nuthouse Theory. The Chaos Theory states that first complex systems like weather have a n underlying order and second the reverse of that the simple systems can produce complex behavior. I do agree with this theory, especially the second part because simple systems can be predictable to a point, but the slightest change in the system can throw off all predictions by a wide margin.

Nonviolent movement

There is a wide-spread conception in the theory of nation-building that violence is an ultimate way to shew disagreement and overcome injustice as well as fight a dictatorship. But the last century has proven the f all in allaciousness of this conception. Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther world power Jr., Nelson Mandela and Dalai Lama and many another(prenominal) others have shown that nonviolence can be more powerful force in defeating oppressive rulers and laws. Their lives and attains are examples how oppressors or unjust legislation may be defied by the force of word and soul rather than by the force of weapons. Gene Sharp summarizes the effectiveness of unprovoking actions with such words nonviolent action is possible, and is capable of wielding great power even against ruthless rulers and military regimes, because it attacks the most vulnerable characteristic of all hierarchical institutions and governments dependence on the governed (p. 18). noviolent action is an coat o f a very simple truth people do not always do what they are told to do, and sometimes they do that which has been forbidden. When people refuse their cooperation, protect their help, and persist in their disobedience and defiance, they do this to deny their opponents the basic human assistance and cooperation which any government or hierarchical system requires. If they do this collectively through their established independent social institutions or newly improvised groupings for a sufficient period of time, the power of that government will weaken and potentially dissolve.The world history has witnessed the cases when nonviolent means have been chosen over violence for religious or ethical reasons. In some cases, even when prosaic political considerations were dominant in the choice of nonviolent struggle, the movement has taken on certain religious or ethical overtones. This was the case in the campaigns of the Indian National Congress for independence from Britain in the 1920 s, 1930s, and 1940s. Those struggles, often under Gandhis attractorship, and also the civil rights campaigns in the 1950s and 1960s in the Deep mho of the United States, under the leadership of Martin Luther fairy, Jr., are very important.Mohandas KaramchandGandhi, better known as Mahatma Gandhi, is the first name that comes to mind when one speaks of nonviolence in the twentieth century. His charisma and his action not only had a profound effect on Indias modern history, but also stick outd firm basis for all future nonviolent struggles in the world. Gandhis political philosophy revolved around three key concepts satyagraha (non-violence), sawaraj (home rule), and sarvodaya (welfare of all). Whereas satyagraha was essentially a tactic of achieving political ends by non-violent means, sawaraj and sarvodaya sought to encourage ideas of individual and collective improvement and regeneration. Such regeneration, Gandhi insisted, was infallible if India was to rediscover her enduri ng historical and religious self and throw off British rule. (Andrews, 1949)Perhaps Gandhis best-known act of civil disobedience, known as the second satyagraha (hold fast to the truth) was Salt March that was taking place in 1930 from12 March to 6 April. It expressed increasing frustration by Congress at its own impotence and, specifically, the British refusal to grant Dominion experimental condition to India. Gandhi chose the hated salt tax as the object of his campaign. At the time, the Indian government maintained a monopoly over the manu accompanimenture of salt, an essential basic commodity which was thus heavily taxed. Those using their own salt, e.g. if they were living close to the sea, were subject to heavy punishment.The 61-year-old Mahatma started the 240-mile-long march from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi together with seventy-eight of his followers. He was linked by thousands along the way, in a march that received vast international and national attention. When the protesters marched on to a government salt depot, he was arrested, as were between 60,000 and 90,000 other Indians in subsequent months, as well as the correct Congress leadership. Gandhi was released and cal direct off the campaign in March 1931 following the GandhiIrwin Pact, which allowed Gandhi to embark in the second Round Table Conference, and symbolically permitted the production of salt for domestic consumption.From the 1920s to early 1940s, he led a series of supine resistance campaigns in pursuit of Swaraj, which redefined the character of Indian nationalism. He sought tolerance between Hindus and Muslims and the eradication of caste untouchability. In January 1948 he was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic for his pro-Muslim sympathies. Gandhis insistence that means were more important than the ends distinguished him from other great political leaders of the twentieth century.Since his dying Gandhi has become the source of inspiration for non-violent political mo vements such as the Civil Rights Movement in the USA. Desmond Tutu in the article A Force more Powerful a Century of Nonviolent participation rightfully points out The leaders who opted for nonviolent weapons often learned from resistance movements of the past. Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi was inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1905. The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other African American leaders traveled to India to study Gandhis tactics. (Tutu, 2000) Non-cooperation was a major tactic employed by Gandhi when he felt the state had become immoral or unjust. In the King movement, such action was called boycott, the most effective nonviolent tactic employed in the movement to abolish discrimination in public out-migration in Montgomery, Alabama.The justification for such action lies in the fact that rejection is as much of an action as acceptance. Thus, King, like Gandhi, while emphasizing the necessity of courage, utilized the boycott to achieve rejection of un just laws regulating public transportation and public lunch counters. The net effect of the various expressions of the nonviolent protest, especially the boycott, strike, demonstration and jail, was to draw ones opponent off balance, hoping thereby to smorgasbord his mind. (Smith, p.58) Nonviolence, therefore, was not a sign of weakness or of a lack of courage. Quite the contrary, King believed that only the substantive and courageous person could be nonviolent. He advised persons not to get involved in the civil rights struggle unless they had the strength and the courage to stand before people full of hate and to fit the cycle of violence by refusing to retaliate.King just as Gandhi emphasized the need to prepare for action. The Civil Rights Movement initiated by Martin Luther King, Jr. succeeded in mobilizing massive nonviolent direct action. Innovative tactics included economic boycotts, beginning with the yearlong boycott of a bus company in Montgomery, Alabama, begun in Dec ember 1955 and led by Martin Luther King, Jr. sit-in demonstrations and mass marches, including a massive mobilization of albumens and blacks in the August 1963 March on Washington, which culminated in Kings I have a dream speech, and protest marches led by King that met with police violence in Selma, Alabama, in January 1965.The goal of these protests was to overthrow the entire system of racial segregation and to empower African Americans by seizing the franchise. Participants of the Civil Rights Movement were often beaten and brutalized by southern law enforcement officials, and thousands were arrested and put behind bars for their protest activities. Some leaders and participants were killed.Nevertheless, an endless stream of highly visible confrontations in the streets, which contrasted the brutality and the inhumanity of the white segregationists with the dignity and resolve of black protesters, make the cause of black civil rights the major issue in the United States for ov er a decade during the 1950s and 1960s. The nation and its leaders were forced to square off publicly whether to grant African Americans their citizenship rights or to side with white segregationists who advocated racial superiority and the undemocratic subjugation of black people.In conclusion it would be relevant to provide a brief revision of the similarity and differences the detection of which was purpose of this analysis. The parallels between Gandhi and Martin Luther King are self-evident. This preliminary look at Gandhi and Kings military action gives us the understanding that nonviolent movement cannot be limited by time frames or specific location. It rather needs a leader with strong character, resilience and ability to persuade people. The two leaders preferred nonviolence at a time when their people were being oppressed. Both struggled against the yoke of white oppression. Like Gandhi, King valued the power of nonviolent political action in keeping with the spirit of Gandhis satyagraha. Kings role in organizing the Montgomery bus boycott enabled him to emerge as the creator of a strategy of civil disobedience that earned for the civil-rights movement in the United States singular media coverage, new forms of public recognition, and greater access to political power.Though both agreed that nonviolence is successful tactics on condition that every individual is move to truth and justice, Gandhi tended to lay stress upon the necessity of personal suffering when participating in nonviolent movement, an attitude that to some extent was less aggressive than Kings emphasis on self-sacrifice. Moreover, Gandhi claimed that to achieve the goals through nonviolence one needs patience and non-cooperation and King believed that it is a certain degree of confrontation that is necessary to accomplish change. One more difference between Gandhi and King lies in the paradigm of their activity.While Gandhi was concerned about social injustice suffered by Indian people, Kings concerns bore upon racial discrimination of African Americans in the USA. And probably the most striking difference is the result of their struggle. While Martin Luther Kings ideas subsequently his death were followed through by his followers and found an echo in common Americans heart, Gandhi was criticized that his tactics unnecessarily delayed the departure of the British, precipitated the divide of India, and led to the Hinduization of Congress because of his over-emphasis on religion. Few of Gandhis ideas were put into trust by independent India.While both of them deserve respect and admiration, it is possible to recognize that their approaches to the practice of nonviolence later grew strong one as opposition, the other as protest. Gandhi and King help us to believe that peaceful resolution of a interlocking will live up to its promise.ReferencesAndrews, C. F. Mahatma Gandhis Ideas. London Allen & Unwin, 1949McCarthy, R. and Sharp, G., eds., Nonviolent Action A Research Guide. New York, 1997Sharp, G. The Role of Power in Nonviolent Struggle. Monograph Series, No. 3. The Albert Einstein Institution, 1990Smith, Kenneth and Zepp, Ira. Search for the Beloved Community The Thinking of Martin Luther King. Valley Forge Judson Press, 1974.Tutu, Desmond. A Force More Powerful a Century of Nonviolent Conflict. Social Education. (64)5, 2000

American Education

Ameri freighter Education is come throughd mainly by the government, with control and funding coming from three aims federal, state, and local. At the primary and secondary naturalise levels, curricula, funding, teaching, and some some some other policies argon set through locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts. crop districts place be (but be not always) conterminous with counties or municipalities. Educational standards and standardized testing decisivenesss are usually made by the states through acts of the state legislature and governor, and decisions of the state departments of education.Education of the learning disabled, blind, deaf, and emotionally softheaded is structured to adhere as closely as possible to the same experience received by normal students. Blind and deaf students usually catch separate classes in which they spend most of their day, but may sit in on normal classes with guides or interpreters. The learning disabled o ften assure for the same amount of time as other students however, they also usually spend most of their day in separate classrooms, commonly kn knowledge as redundant education or special ed here they often receive extra instruction or perform easier work.The goal of these programs, however, is to try and act every atomic number 53 up to the same standard and provide equal opportunity to those students who are challenged. Some students are identified early on as having dyslexia or being squarely slower learners than other students. The federal government supports the standards developed in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. The law mandates that schools must accommodate students with disabilities as delineate by the act, and specifies methods for funding the sometimes large costs of providing them with the necessary facilities.Larger districts are often able to provide more adequate and quality care for those with special needs. It was noted that the country has a low literacy rate as compared with other developed countries, with a reading literacy rate at 86-98% of the population over mount 15, composition ranking below honest in science and mathematicsematics understanding. The poor performance has pushed common and private efforts such as the No tyke Left Behind Act.In addition, the ratio of college-educated adults entering the workforce to general population (33%) is slightly below the mean of other developed countries (35%) and rate of participation of the sweat force in continuing education is high. Under the No Child Left Behind Act, all American states must test students in normal schools statewide to ensure that they are achieving the desired level of minimum education, such as on the Regents Examinations in New York or the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) students being educated at home or in private schools are not included.The Act also requires that students and schools show adequate e ach year progress. This means they must show some improvement each year. Although these tests may have revealed the results of student learning, they may have little value to help modify the students academic weakness. For example, in most states, the results of the testing would not be known until six months later. At that time, the students have been promoted to the next grade or entering a new school.The students are not given a chance to review the questions and their own answers but their shareile of the test results as compare to their own peers. there are several undesirable phenomena seen in the administration of the testing. In Illinois, for example, the state government delegates the printing and distribution of the test questions and booklets to private companies . There are questions virtually the security of the tests through this management.In 2006, some school districts did not receive the test questions until after other school districts had finished the tests w eeks later. During high school, students, usually in their younger (That is, third) year (11th grade), may take one or more standardized tests depending on their postsecondary education preferences and their local graduation requirements. In theory, these tests evaluate the overall level of knowledge and learning aptitude of the students. The SAT and ACT are the most common standardized tests that students take when applying to college.A student may take the SAT, ACT, or both depending upon the college the student plans to apply to for admission. Most competitive schools also require two or three SAT Subject Tests, (formerly known as SAT IIs), which are shorter exams that focus strictly on a particular subject matter. However, all these tests serve little to no purpose for students who do not move on to postsecondary education, so they can usually be skipped without affecting ones ability to graduateHowever, many conservatives believe that American public education is in poor shape today because of heathen and social trends, most beginning in the 1960s, which destroyed classroom discipline, the moral basis for education, and a national consensus on what students should learn. There is some law in this proposition, but ultimately it fails to explain why American students do not possess the communication and computational skills they need today to succeed in college or in the working world. By any standard, California students are observed to be not performing up to their full abilities.While some deep down the public school system claim that poor performance is due to inadequate government spending on education, more in-depth research demonstrates that such is not the case. The Pacific Research Institutes California Index of Leading Education Indicators compiles data on the performance of students in Californias public education system. The findings in the Index reveal that poor student performance is the result not of too few taxpayer dollars, but of poor policy decisions by government education officials.Reform blockers of the American semipolitical system advantages those who prefer the status quo, which is why so little has changed in American education Twenty old age ago A Nation at Risk set off alarms about the quality of Americas schools, and ever since our country has been caught up in a delirium of education reform. But the frenzy hasnt produced much, After untold billions of dollars and lofty reform packages too numerous to list, very little has been accomplished. Why such disappointing results? legion(predicate) factors are no doubt responsible, but much of the answer rests with the politics of education. The problem is that, with rare exceptions, reforms that make it through the political process tend to be those that are acceptable to establish. Terry M. Moe , Mar 22, 2003 Further more he stated that the teachers unions have more influence over the public schools than any other group in American society. They influenc e schools from the bottom up, through collective bargaining activities that shape virtually every aspect of school organization.And they influence schools from the light up down, through political activities that shape government policy. They are the 800-pound gorillas of public education. Yet the American public is largely unaware of how influential they areand how much they draw a blank efforts to improve public schools. The problem is not that the unions are somehow bad or ill-intentioned. They arent. The problem is that when they simply do what all organizations dopursue their own intereststhey are inevitably led to do things that are not in the best interests of children.To appreciate why this is so, consider the parallel to business firms. No one claims that these organizations are in business to promote the public interest. They are in business to make money, and this is the fundamental interest that drives their behavior. Terry M. Moe Jan 22, 2005. The Wall alley Journal , Jan. 13 On the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math test (last administered in 1996), 54 percent of California fourth graders scored below a basic ability level.The average test score of those taking the fourth-grade math surpassed only the average scores of students in Louisiana and Mississippi. While the 1994 NAEP reading test, the average test score of California fourth graders ranked at the very bottom of all states, tied for last with Louisiana. Not only did 59 percent of all California fourth graders score below basic, an even more appalling 71 percent of African American fourth graders and 81 percent of Hispanic fourth graders scored below basic.Interesting performance indicator is the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) scores of public versus private high school students. From 1987 to 1995, the average vocal score of public high school SAT takers in California dropped from 421 to 412 (with a low of 408) in 1994, while public school SAT math scores stayed constant at 485. Over that same time period, however, the average verbal score of parochial high school SAT takers increase from 432 to 442, while parochial school math scores increased from 464 to 484.Similarly, both the average verbal and math scores of independent private school SAT takers increased during that period. (See Figure 1. ) The public and private school systems seem to be headed in opposite directions, which is why school vouchers are becoming a more benignant option. The rhetoric of school reform often ignores the crucial role of individual decisions (by students, by parents, by business owners, by educators) in determining educational outcomes. You can lead a horse to water, the old adage goes, but you cant make him drink.Its a folksy way of imparting an important individualist truth. Providing students opportunities at school does not guarantee success if students watch television rather than do their homework and parents let them. By assuming that any set of re form ideas can magically create a well-educated citizenry, we oversell the role of policy-making. Education requires initiative, a trait notoriously difficult to create or impose. American business leadership began to see a decentralized, patchwork education system as a liability in international competition. U. S.manufacturers, especially, saw the rise of Germany as a significant economic threat and sought to imitate that countrys new system of state-run trade schools. In 1905, the National Association of Manufacturers editorialized that the nation that wins success in competition with other nations must train its youths in the arts of production and distribution. German education, it concluded, was at once the admiration and fear of all countries. American business, together with the growing fag movement, pressed Congress to dramatically expand federal spending on education, especially for vocational instruction.Also, business and education leaders began to apply new principle s of industrial organization to education, such as top-down organization and a factory-floor model in which administrators, teachers, and students all had a place in producing a standardized final exam product. These leaders created professional bureaucracies to devise and implement policy. Perhaps the most important boosters of Americas new public education system were what we might today call cultural conservatives. The turn of the century, after all, was a time of tremendous immigration.As more and more immigrants arrived in America, bringing with them a plethora of languages, cultural traditions, and religious beliefs, American political leaders foresaw the lavential dangers of Balkanization. The public education system, once designed primarily to impart skills and knowledge, took on a far more political and social role. It was to provide a common culture and a means of inculcating new Americans with democratic value. Public schools, in other words, were to be a high-pressure melting pot to help America avoid the dismal fate of other multi-national polities.American political leaders were all too familiar with the Balkan Wars of the early 1900s, and were intent on avoiding a similar fate. Educators today lack the tools for traffic with unruly children thanks to two supreme court decisions of the late 1960s and 1970s. The bureaucratic lament that curriculums need to be revised, salaries should be raised, money should be poured into the system, teachers are not qualified, teachers salaries should be tied to students performances, are not the reasons for students not learning. Rather it is a lack of discipline in the classroom.One decision declared that schools do not have absolute authority over their students and the other that a school had violated students free speech by suspending them for not adhering to the schools dress code. To colonial the situation students have learned quickly that if a school official does something they do not like they can sue or just jeopardize to sue with sometimes very telling results. More importantly, the ever-present threat of lawsuits transforms a teacher from an active, authority figure into a fearful, hapless, down-trodden passive public servant.Discipline is underlying to learning and acquiring skills to be prepared for the rigorous task of facing the world. It certainly was in place and largely effective before the tumultuous 60s came along and discipline became sinister in connotation. Today classroom disruption is no longer of the mundane sort feet on the desk, loud talking, noise-making and fighting. Schools are now dealing with sex offenders, pistol packing students, cursing, students and/or parents fighting with teachers and litigation, all of which undermine the teaching profession.When discipline goes out of the window, the pillars of civility get pushed aside. The universal moral values of self-control, self- respect, and respect for others and for property cease to exist. The d oor is flung wide open for all types of self-serving stress. Counselors, psychologists, psychoanalysts, television commentators, lawyers and many charlatans too, first on the scene of every school tragedy, screaming the blindingly obvious, blaming one parent, two parents, dysfunctional and functional, poor and not so poor families for the troubles of societys young, and creating more chaos than calm in the lives of the young.The Solution There was a time when schools were counted always for stability, discipline, knowledge, caring and shaping the minds of young people. In addition, schools forged cohesive societies with very clear-shared values that conferred a feel of worth on all. That sense of worth could be revisited by a restoration of discipline by teachers and parents working together, to make educating children their number one priority in life by a system that instills character and spirituality and equips each student with cultural skills.The quest for social improvement and for making societies better rests with the future generation and if students are to have a sense of social responsibility and desire to live up to social obligations, then they must be armed with a received education premised on discipline. The alternative is not to be savoured. References Judy Gelbrich, OSU . 1999 School of Education. Section II American Education Part 1. Colonial America Patricia Caton (562) Technical dawn emailprotected edu 951- 4807 Peter Sacks, Standardized Minds The High Price of Americas Testing Culture

Computing and Connectivity Essay

Nonmanagement employees perform the day-to-day operations. The employees in this role fuel work in a w behouse, in a call center, or even teachers. Employees are serving one main purpose here, and that is to serve the customer. Nonmanagement employees report to a manager or supervisor that falls under the operation management role. Publix has thousands of nonmanagement employees. When someone goes to the grocery store, he or she can assure cashiers, deli counter associates, floor associates, bakers, butchers, and others. These roles all are there to serve the customer.They work latterly with the companys warehouses, call centers, and technicians. While the warehouses, call centers, and technicians are not serving an external customer, the actual supermarket is an essential customer. Based on the authors job functions, she would fall under the nonmanagement employee role. The author is a supply chain development lead which is a envisage way of saying programmer analyst. She overs ees all software coding that arrives from the supplier, tests the coding, and works with the business areas that will be using the software.While her position is salary, and the business areas world supported or round offed by her are not salary, Jessicas role is providing a service to a customer. Her customer is also providing service to other customers, whether a store or a vendor. This author has participated in a GPS tracking initiative for the technicians vans. With this hardware and software install, the application located on the meshing server is equal to go out and determine the geographical location of any technician.The software will then use this to optimize the calls for that location and cast the call to the technician who is closest, thereby saving travel time, communication to the call center, and lost labor time. Optimization such as this is an example of how Publix is working with distributed computing and connectivity. much Opportunities to Revolutionize Pub lix has numerous competitors such as Wal-Mart, K-Mart, Winn-Dixie, Albertsons, and even some small grocery chains. The main advantage is that when shopping at Publix, the customers can expect to construct a good experience and have quality groceries.The quality does not stop with the groceries either. Currently all the 915 stores are upgrading software and hardware to keep up with the changing technology. The point-of-sale cash registers are being updated to be touch screen and to have a large display for the customer to be able to review all items as they are scanned. Another acoustic projection is the upgrade of the wireless networks. Before the upgrade, the stores were on a slow wired network, which caused issues if the technicians needed to review all the details or to update his or her calls.The new network will allow the technicians to use their handheld devices and communicate using the stores fire walled wireless intranet to update their service calls. Recently, Publix jum ped into selling liquor in some of their stores. Some were worried this would tarnish the image of the wholesome store. Publix approached the topic very carefully and opened liquor stores adjacent to the supermarket. The profits soared later all these new projects start implementing. Recently, to stay a head of the competition, Publix started a generator project.This project will install a large generator in every store by the beginning of next hurricane season. About 269 stores already have these generators in them. These large generators will run the refrigerated cases for several days after a natural disaster. This project started after millions of dollars in food was lost after the past two hurricane seasons. Publix has reserve fuel supplies at the ports and tanker trucks on reserve ready to roll out to fill any generators needed.These generators are monitored remotely in the corporate offices by an in-house software package that alerts the key personnel to any issues that may arise. When a situation does arise, the store manager is called to check to see if the situation is a false alarm or not, and to alleviate rectify the situation until further help can be contacted and dispatched to the location. Other advantages are allowing customers to replenish their existing prescriptions online with their Publix pharmacy. Customers can select a pickup time for the prescription, but if none is selected, the time defaults to the following afternoon.While the pharmacy is always convenient to watch and have prescriptions refilled while shopping, this service allows someone to refill his or her script and run in to pick up if shopping is not intended. These types of technological benefits help Publix conversionize the grocery industry. Conclusion This author has translaten several examples of how her role and others in the organization have been influenced by distributed connectivity to communities surrounding the organization. This author recognizes the potent ial for growth and revolution for her company and how all jobs must report not only laterally, but downward, upward and even externally.Proactive measures such as the generator program show that Publix is preparing for the future so service can still be provided to areas that are hit by natural disasters. Ability for customers to refill their prescriptions online shows how Publix is keeping connected by distributed computing. While many levels in an organization exist, this author realizes that all roles play an important part in the success of any company and that success can be maximized through distributed connectivity.

Machiavelli: The Realist Essay

Machiavelli revolutionized the way the manviews administration. However, when we read his writings today, the ideas dont seem very revolutionary. This is beca phthisis his thoughts came to embody political structure. Machiavelli is known for being the first political philosopher to fool realism to politics. Machiavelli wanted to find a solution to his dark reality. Machiavellis The Prince presents us with the reality of the political bena, and provides us with the tools to work with hu valet de chambre nature and its shortcomings. The Prince was write as a guide for Lorenzo deMedici of Florence to stay in precedent. However, Lorenzo did not agree with Machiavellis assumptions. Machiavelli wants to restore pride and honor to Italy (Lerner, 1950). He offers a guide of how to pass this in the Prince. Machiavelli wrote the Prince when Europe was engulfed in civil wars. Machiavelli ch allenged the idea of divine honorable (Lerner, 1950). Machiavelli proposed the evolution of a new ruler, not chosen by divine right or heritage, merely by military conquest. Previous to the publication of The Prince, Machiavelli had witnessed devastation in Italy (Lerner, 1950).Machiavelli witnessed how major power struggles and contradicting principles lead to the destruction of his nation. He wanted to offer a solution to his reality in The Prince. A nation wants perceptual constancy, security, and prosperity. If the prince can provide all three while maintaining the common wealth of the people, then the ends justify the means. During the measure at which Machiavelli wrote The Prince, these were revolutionary thoughts. Machiavellis writing was revolutionary for humanists in this era. He chose not analyze rule with divine foundations (Lerner, 1950). He rejected the notion of devotion and divine right. Machiavelli decided to take a unique route. Machiavellis work is based on political realism. Machiavelli was the first to openly distinguish what we intend man to be, and w ho he really is. By acknowledging what human nature truly is, he was able to analyze the ways in which Princes can manipulate the people and their power to create a stable nation. This realism had never before been brought into politicalthinking.Machiavelli argues that an ordinary citizen is the exceed person to analyze the ruling beginy. He argues that his birds eye view is the reason he is best suited for such analysis, For the aim of the people is more honest than that of nobility, the latter desiring to oppress, and the former merely to keep off oppression (Santoni, 112). Machiavelli acknowledges what Politics are rather then what then what we want them to be. Machiavelli does not claim that politics can do everything and he does not say that politics can solve all societies problems. In The Prince, Machiavelli lays down the foundation for what a ordainor can do to maintain security, prosperity, and stability. Machiavelli does however, acknowledge that he cannot let off h uman nature, however when rather the patterns that lie within it. Machiavelli acknowledges that he is an priser in The Prince. He uses an analogy of a man on a hummock to explain the nature of his observation (Lerner, 1950). The man on the hill has the best view of the landscape. As a citizen he has discovered the patterns in decision-making made by politicians and was able to interpret them.Politics cannot answer all the questions in our society. Political thinking can only help to provide us with the framework with which we govern and are governed. The conflicting ethical principles are what cause the controversy. Machiavelli acknowledges this fact and shows that ethics are not what define politics, but are rather a component. Machiavelli argues that a Prince must be able to manipulate the attitudes of the people. Machiavelli speaks of the state. He speaks of internal stability. He acknowledges that citizens and in that location beliefs are components of the state. The poli tical realism emphasized in The Prince does not plainly mean to accept reason of the state as legitimacy and letting liberties be crushed (Lerner, 1950). The realism urges leading to strive for coercion of principles. A leader unified under his people is most powerful.In The Prince, Machiavelli offers a solution to the unsuccessful development of states. The Prince run intos territory by victory and sets solid foundations for the territory to pageant upon, One, however, who becomes Prince by favor of the rabble, must maintain friendship, which he result find easy, the people asking nothing but not to be oppressed(Santoni, 1950). Machiavelli believes that a good nation with just laws will develop from an efficient military. He is not arguing that you request a war to create a state,but rather a successful victory can create a solid foundation of the state. Machiavelli understands human nature and decides to work with it rather than disregard our flaws. He knows we are not all good, but acknowledges that there is potential for us to change (Lerner, 1950). Machiavelli does not argue that the goals of politicians are always good.Machiavelli acknowledges that politicians ruthlessly strain power (Lerner, 1950). They do not care how it will affect the people. This is where a politicians career crumbles. As noted in The Prince, you cannot rule a populace who hates you. They will overthrow you. Therefore, a prince must unite the people under his rule in order to obtain success. Human nature is the evil that is unconquerable. slew will never stop having selfish motives. Therefore, we must learn to coordinate these desires. The Prince must give the people stability, security and prosperity. If he does this, then the people will dare not challenge him. Machiavelli does not provide us with an explanation of basic human nature but rather a framework, which we can use to govern and be governed.Machiavelli wants to improve politics. In the Prince he offers a plan of how to govern and how the people should be governed. He accepts that human nature is flawed. He knows that rulers are power hungry (Lerner, 1950). He also acknowledges that a ruler will not have a populace to rule if the populace hates him. Machiavelli accepts what our politics is, and tells us of what it should be. Just because human nature is flawed, doesnt mean we are hopeless. Humanity can achieve prosperity, security, and stability if achieved within the right framework. This framework is presented in The Prince. Machiavelli is entirely providing genuine insights into social organization as the foundation for Politics (Lerner, 1950). He is clear and logical. Emotion and ethics are only a small part of Machiavellis framework, Everybody sees what you appear to be, few feel what you are, and those few will not dare oppose themselves to the many, who have the majesty of the state to defend them (Santoni, 123). Machiavelli provides guidance for leaders for tasks such as dealing wi th newly set aboutd territory, choosing administrators, how to conduct diplomacy, and warfare (Lerner, 1950).Machiavelli gives specific examples of the way to govern newly acquired territory. He uses various situations by which a Prince couldacquire new territory and how he should govern the territory. Machiavelli is sensitive to the principles of the people of the newly acquired territory. He acknowledges that the people will overthrow the leader if he crosses them, One who by his own valor and measures animates the mass of the people, he will not find himself deceived by them, he will find he has laid his foundations well (Santoni, 114). To be a Prince you must be feared by your people, but not hated. Hatred will lead to destruction. Machiavelli wants the prince to form an atmosphere in which the people fear him, but also highly respect him (Lerner, 1950). The fear comes from the potential use of force by the Princes military against them. Machiavelli argues that a princes sole o bligation is to comfort the nation a prince is in control of the military and is in charge of national security.By proving military dominance, you gain power (Lerner, 1950). With this power, you can manipulate the interests of the people. Machiavelli believes that existence are in control of their actions that curb their destinies. Machiavelli also argues that humans do not have control over all events. A prince must only take into account what benefits the state when making decisions concerning the state. Machiavelli acknowledges that it is not morality of divinity that will get Italy out of this terrible mess (Lerner, 1950). Machiavelli argues that self-interest and self-protection, hence national interests, should be pursued ruthlessly. A prince can only commit inhuman treatment if his ends justify his means, A prince, therefore, must not mind incurring the charge of cruelty for the purpose of keeping his subjects united and faithful(Santoni, 113). If he is being cruel for the benefit of the nation, then so be it, In the actions of men and especially of Princes, from which there is no appeal, the end justifies the means (Santoni, 123). Many criticized Machiavelli for being Anti-Christ and attempting to redirect our society towards immorality (Lerner, 1950). These people could not come to grasp with reality. They did not want to believe his words were true. It is apparent that Machiavellis ideas were far beyond his time.All humans have part of them that is ethical and normative, but we are also stubborn (Lerner, 1950). This willpower results in two sides of political thought. Those who pursue some passionate ideal and those who accept reality and look for solutions to our shortcomings. The prince embodies the foundations for Politics the struggle between ethical or realistic reasoning. Machiavelli does not adhere to theideas of reformers or idealists. He is a realist. He gives concrete examples of ways in which a prince should govern and how a people are to be ruled. Ideals and ethics are not powerful techniques in politics. A successful statesman is an artist (Lerner, 1950). He knows how to manipulate the attitudes of the people by providing them with stability and prosperity. Religious leaders can raise moral, but they have never proven to be more powerful then a statesman (Lerner, 1950). in time in the development of the American colonies, men of god who were brought to power learned how to use their power corruptly (Lerner, 1950). Today, and during Machiavellis era, we are faced with a world of conflicting principalities. The struggle we face today is how much to integrate our principles to help obtain peace (Lerner, 1950). How far can we integrate before liberties are baffled? What are we willing to sacrifice? Machiavelli explains that he is an observer of politics. He cannot add an ethical context to the patterns he has observed in history. He simply observed the patterns and interpreted conclusions that can be gained from t hem. Thus Machiavellianism provides structure, but does not provide an adequate philosophy for a way of life (Lerner, 1950). Machiavelli sought to prove what politics really is, not what we believe to be. We fear Machiavelli because he speaks the truth. Machiavelli acknowledges that leaders do not always act according to the virtues they said they would act upon. Machiavelli argues that leaders seek power ruthlessly (Lerner, 1950).He acknowledges that it is easy to be ruled but hard to rule ourselves. He also acknowledges that those in different forms of government need to be dealt with differently (Lerner, 1950). Rulers of Machiavellis time despised him because he let the world know how their authority works. In modern society we hate Machiavelli because he is making us face the dilemma we have created (Lerner, 1950). He made visible all that which we chose to ignore. Deceit and ruthlessness are present in all governments. Machiavelli causes us to face our major issue of adapting o ur democratic techniques to the demands of the world (Lerner, 1950). Machiavellis thoughts are not unpolitical. They are in fact extremely political. Machiavelli was able to observe patterns in government and provide a solution to the devastation these institutions created.In The Prince, Machiavelli listed the tactics that need to be used by a leader to gain control of the people. Machiavelli recognized that ethical principlesare important to the citizens, and the happiness of the citizens is a component of a states stability. As a citizen he was able to get the best view of the effects of policy. Machiavelli was a realist. He knew that power was the center of politics. Machiavelli did not set out to explain human nature or to provide his lector with a way of life. He wrote The Prince to explain the dynamics of the state and they ways in which the state can be successful. Machiavelli was a revolutionary thinker who capable our eyes to the reality of the political arena.Works Cited 1.Santoni, Ronald. Social and Political Philosophy. New York Random House, Inc., 1963. Print. 2.Lerner, Max. Machiavelli the Realist. Random House, Inc.. (1950) Print.

Compare and Contrast between Arranged Marriage and Love Marriage Essay

Comparison and Contrast between Arranged sexual union and Love Marriage It is believed that married couples be made in heaven. It might be true while in reality the couples who are married are either in whap with one another or the marriages are finalized or coherent by their family members. Debate about whether get it on marriage or pose marriage is better(p) is never ending as both sides have their experience and testimony to support the system which suits them.The purpose of this passage is to compare the arranged marriage with love marriage from the aspect of mutual understanding and love and contrast the two types of marriages from the aspects of differences in expectations and mutual attitudes after the wedding, different reactions from the family. We should be aware that modern arranged marriage isnt equal to forced marriage. Today parents are more realistic and becoming broad minded enough to accept the choice of their kids in marriage.Arranged marriages are also succ essful when the parents dont force their children to marry whom they dont want to and when the parents support and help their children to recoup their various(prenominal) spouses as per their desires and likings. It is definitely wonderful when children are given the right to take a decision themselves on their marriage and also there should be ripe arrangements for the first timethis is also called a period of courtship when both of them decide to date and decide to get married.Therefore, love can also be generated between the arranged ones during this period. Since it is true love, it has nothing to do with time. Whether it is a love or arranged wedding, it should be based on love, empathy, responsibility, concern, and commitment. The similarity also exists in the life after the wedding. It calls for a lot of dedication and efforts to carry on the relation. And to support and live happily with each other, both of them need patience, perseverance, and mutual partiality and care . Despite the similarities, there are also some obvious differences.The first difference appears in the different expectations and mutual attitudes after the wedding. In the case of arranged marriages, the first few years are spent to know and understand much more deeply about each others likes and dislikes. The haste and excitement of acute each other, always keeps the couple motivated and positive towards each other. Whereas in the case of love marriages, the bride and the groom have already gotten along with each other for a long time and there are no more space left for the interest or curiosity of knowing more about each other.In the case of arranged marriages, even a small deed of care and forgiveness, leads to the strengthening of the marriage as a bond and the feeling of adjustment and compromise is more compared to the love marriages. While in love ones, the bride and the groom are always in a post to compromise and the feelings may be no longer fresh and there are a lot of expectations from the life associate, which when left unfulfilled, will lead to quarrels and misunderstandings.For instance, sometimes discords may arise between couples having love marriages. It has come to the fore that after spending a long time unneurotic, many couples in love marriages are found to be repenting on their decisions. They find it hard to keep up the nuptial life and at last break the bond to get free. That is wherefore it is reported that the divorce rate for arranged marriages in the traditional countries is much lower than those in the United States, where marriages out of love rule.Moreover, arranged marriages enjoy a clear edge over the love ones also because most parents think that only they are competent in finding the most suitable meet for their beloved sons or daughters. Marriage is not just two people coming together but two families uniting to bring two souls together in holy matrimony. In arranged marriages the family or the matchmaker first sc rutinizes the possible brides, their family and background and leaves the final decision with the groom or vice versa. The exclusively family support the matrimony during high and low times.They see to it that the couple is happy with one another at all times. Minor misunderstandings are cleared by advice from seniors who act as relationship managers and marriage councilors. With such an expert team around the couple thrive joyously. Contrarily in arranged marriages, there is a lot of pressure on the couples to meet parental expectations. Apart from the fact that couples in love have to face the challenges of the community and pacify their family members to accept the partner chosen by them, they have to make great efforts if they foundtheir characteristics and family values didnt fit into the new family. There can also be disputes emerging frequently in love marriages such as producing offspring, taking participation in family rituals, developing great rapport with sisters-in-law s, contributing to family expenses, and so on. As for myself, Im kind of neutral. Being a girl with unpredictable future, I dont think I have to depend on my family to find my life-long partner for me. But I do think an arranged marriage isnt a bad choice when Im at the marriage age without finding my Mr.Right. At that time an arranged marriage is undoubtedly a choice to widen my social circle as well as introduce me more people and to make both my parents and I happy. In conclusion, arranged marriage and love marriage are different when it comes to the mutual expectations and attitudes as well as family reactions. However, they also share similarities in the vital existence of love and understanding. We should remember that love is a vital element in a marriage, no matter what type or form we follow. It should happen and then bliss will subsequently follow.

Childcare and Education Unit 4

child Unit 4 Assignment Michelle Pieh children & piece of cake Rebecca Myring 11/16/2009 Introduction dramatic walkaway is the important way in which children victimize and therefore see affects all aspects of a childs development. Valuing childrens walkaway Props should be encouraged. permit the use of their own experience. Own interests. Playing on their own should be encouraged. Work in a way that suits them. Adult encouragement to be engagement. Play as a way of communication. Recreate familiar themes. Transport resources to where they wish. Learn best when they ar enjoying themselves. Allow for epoch and space. Facts about playThrough play children gip about their world. Play is considered to be a primary need of children. The stages of play change as a child grows older. The characteristics of play change as incompatible stages of development atomic number 18 r apieceed. All children go through the stages of play as they grow develop. minorren develop at dif ferent rates therefore rough children may take longer to go through a particular stage. D1/D7) Setting 1 Zoo adventure play companionship domain Setting 2 Park Setting 3 Beach Setting 1 A zoo adventure play battleground is an enclosed body politic containing play equipment. D7) It has go chair, pushchair/pram access.It has a variety of facilities ranging from a cafe with outdoor seating area for adults to sit and watch their children play to toilet facilities for all. In the play area there is specialised staff for children that have disabilities so they can help them join in with any games that are going on. The play area where the children can play has a safe outside area where children can play without parents worrying about the children calculateting hurt. The area is animal themed and the toys outside are animal shaped and patterned such as a swing in the shape of a lions mane and is yellow and orange to show it is a lions mane.A sheer is in the shape of a zebras tongue the top of the steps is the head and the handles are the mouth opened wide and the slide is the tongue. Setting 2 A ballpark is an enclosed area where children can play without parents having to worry about their child going out of the park onto a street near a main road. There may be different parts in the park that are specially designed for each age range. For example Babies/small children there may be a soft play area, bucket swings that a child can be tackle into, small low sit on toys and a small slide.Aged 6 -10 children there may be a bigger slide, seesaw, roundabout, swings, small trampolines, raise tacks and tyre swings. Teenagers there may be basketball courts, tennis courts, football nets, running track, climbing wall/ abseiling wall, golf course, wire swings, zip wire, a wear pitch for all sports and a big trampoline that has a net around it to keep them safe whilst jumping. Setting 3 The coast is a large area containing keystone and water. The children like making guts castles. They also like feeling the different textures e. g. Water and sand mixed together. The children also have a receive to have a donkey ride.D7) There are also ramps for access for wheel chairs, push chairs/ prams. On the beach there needs to be maternal(p) supervision. D2) Age range for zoo between 18-24 months to 16years Stage of play for the zoo is spectator aged between 18 months 24months to 4 years and co principal investigator play for aged 4+ children. Age range for park 2 years to 16 years Stage of play for the park is spectator 24 months to 4 years and co operative for aged 4+ children. Age range for beach 2 years to 16years Stage of play is spectator 24 months to 4 years and co operative for aged 4+ children.Co operative play is where children play together with shared goals. Play can be quite complicated and children are supportive. D3) The type of play that goes on is Zoo physical play Park pretend play Beach baring play Zoo At the zoo children would be involved in physical play. They would do this by finding different equipment to play on. Using all the different equipment they would exercising which would form their muscles, stamina, balance and Co-ordination. (Tassoni P, Hucker K, 2005, Pg 163) Park At the park they would find different equipment to play on.They would pretend to act out things and pretend that they are former(a) people. This will en up to(p) children to use their imagination and develop their own imaginative ideas. (Walker M, Beaver, M Brewster, J Neaum, S and Tallack, J 2008 Page 195) Beach They would discover sand and water. They would also discover mixing sand and water. They may find shells, crabs, star fish and jelly fish. D4) Zoo is physical play An example of a zoo play area would be playing on the monkey bars which would be developing their gross motor skills. This will develop whole bole and limb movements, co-ordination and balance. Walker M, Beaver, M Brewster, J Neaum, S and Tallack, J 2008 page 194) Park is pretend play An example of pretend play at a local park would be a child playing on a climbing physique that has a wheel on it and they are pretense it is a ship/boat, aeroplane/helicopter. Beach is discovery play An example of a beach would be discovering different shells, sea life, boats, and textures of sand by mental synthesis sand castles. Mixing sand and water together to make sand pies. Developing k flatledge and reading of the world. D5) Beach discovery play and maria Montessori supposition. The main points of Maria Montessoris theory are Children pass through particular development stages. This is the essential for the child to be able to learn. * Montessori developed a incorporated education programmed based on these stages, including a number of specially devised pieces of equipment that encourage children to develop certain skills. * express emphasis is placed on counting, reading and paternity these will follow once the basi c social and emotional development has taken place. * A Childs natural will to learn should be encouraged to comfort a lifelong motivation for learning. * Children should be encouraged to work alone.Montessori felt the best learning occurred when children were focused, silent and completely absorbed in a task. * Montessori did non believe in expel play and did not encourage children to develop their own ideas play needed to have a learning focus. (Garhart M C, 2000, Pg 21-37) Maria Montessori believed that children learn by doing practical activities and by playing outdoors. D6) Setting 1 zoo adventure play area * In the adventure play area with children aged 18-24 months to 16 years, an obstacle course could be arranged to include either a route over a high climbing frame or a lower route through it.The risks would be bumping into others, slipping and falling. I have chosen this activity as it will bear children to understand risks e. g. heights, bumping of the body parts. T he challenge would be learning their limitations. Setting 2 park In the park with children aged 2 years to 16 years, a park play area could be set up in the shape of a trim trail to include a variety of apparatus that ply challenges. The risks would be bumping into others, slipping and falling. The risks that the children will learn to understand are bumping into other children, slipping on play equipment and falling off of play equipment.The challenge that they energy have to overcome is to see how high they can swing on a swing whilst feeling comfortable. Setting 3 beach On the beach with children aged 2 years to 16 years, provide activities e. g. digging and making sand castles which challenges them to be sensible when handling the sand. The risk would be getting sand in their/other peoples eyes, risk of drowning in the sea, risk of being bitten by crabs and getting stung by jelly fish. The risks could be getting sand in their eyes, getting bitten by animals and drowning in t he water. The challenge they will have to vercome is learning about what can happen if they touch certain animals. C1/D7) Setting 1 zoo adventure playground Challenge and risk activity chosen in (D6) was obstacle course. Resources that would be used * Climbing frame with monkey bars, lower and higher side. * Tunnels. * Under and over bars. Health and safety equipment * Safe area. * Helmet. * Knee pads and elbow pads. * Safety mats, non slip floor. * Supervision. * Appropriate footwear, clothing. These resources have been chosen because For childrens own welfare and safety. They allow children to achieve the learning outcomes that have been mean for.They meet individual childrens needs- D7. Provides different levels of play for age range and ability. Setting 2 park Challenge and risk activity chosen in (D6) was trim trail. Resources that would be used * Apparatus e. g. swings, balance walking logs, climbing nets, tyres, swinging logs. Health and safety equipment * Safe area. * Kne e pads, elbow pads. * Helmet. * Supervision. * Appropriate footwear and clothes These resources have been chosen because For childrens own welfare and safety. They are appropriate to age range and stage of development of the children. They meet individual childrens needs D7.Setting 3 Beach Challenge and risk chosen in (D6) was digging sandcastles. Resources that would be used * Spade. * Bucket. Health and safety * Clean area. * Safe area. * Goggles. * Supervision from parents/carers. These resources have been chosen because Encourages exploration. Encourages open tending(p) play. They meet individual needs D7. B1) Giving children activities that challenge them and make them understand risks by Builds up resilience as they become more(prenominal) aware of challenges that they will experience in the future and it will help them to become more comfortable, confident when faced with the kind of challenge. Bruce D. Perry M. D. Ph. D Professor of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psych iatry and behavioural Sciences). Develops an awareness of potential hazards. Younger childrens awareness of hazards is further raised through staffs gentle reminders, for example, prior to activities, such as cooking. Children realise from individual towels and soap dispensers, which reduce the risk of cross? infection. To, ensure that the risk of potential hazards is minimised. Children also develop confidence and self-esteem because staffs build positive, trusting relationships with them. (Ofsted creche report) Prevents boredom.As young children dont understand time the way grown-ups do but boredom is not always a bad thing, it can also get children thinking creatively and can pay to take a more active role in preventing boredom. (Sanders, M. R. Christenson, A. P. (1985). Pgs 13, 101-117). Builds confidence. As they do the activities over again again they will have confidence in doing the activity as they will know how to do it. Potential learning opportunity such as they lear n that you have to follow instructions to get to the end product. Provides mental stimulation. E. g. helps children to function for longer.Maria Montessori developed a method for young children, which was rooted in the senses and involves manipulating quotidian objects and following highly structured activities that engage children but rarely allow them to fail. Develops essential life skills. E. g. money, telling the time, addition/subtraction and measurements etc. Activities that provide children with a challenge and risks Climbing frame know their own limitations but not put off but to overcome it and be determine. Hopefully next time they wont climb as high and only go half way so they learn from previous times. B2)Adult led sessions are often used to introduce children to exploration and investigation through play. This helps them to develop their own play agenda and ideas. Children appreciate adults who help to keep their play flow rate as long as they dont take over. How t hey would do this? Exploration Involve them in activities. E. g. Building Sandcastles, Finding sea shells and stones. Encourage them to learn about new things. For example colours, numbers and letters. Plan activities that relate to childrens experiences. E. g. Places were on holiday. Encourage activities that encourage exploration.E. g. Making ice or jelly. Offer a variety of activities. E. g. collage making, beading or outdoor play. How they would do this for investigation Provide equipment. E. g. Bucket and spade or binoculars and magnifying glass. Provide plenty of time. To allow children to finish the activity so they get the whole potential. Present activities that allow solving problems e. g. floating and sinking. Allow the children to work together. So they can work as a team member and listen to other childrens ideas and try to solve things together. Introduce new subjects and topics.To help develop further knowledge. A1) Name of idealogue wrote about in D5 was Maria Monte ssori. Marias main ideas and theories are Children pass through particular developmental stages. This is essential for the child to be able to learn. Montessori developed a structured education programme based on these stages including a number of specially developed pieces of equipment that encourage children to develop certain skills. Limited emphasis is placed on counting reading and writing. Children should be encouraged to work alone. To encourage confidence in what they think.Montessori did not believe in free play and did not encourage children to develop their own ideas. Influences on todays practice There are many Montessori schools throughout Europe usually privately run. The method promotes a carefully planned environment that neither allows children total freedom nor imposes activities on them. Some nurseries follow the plan completely and barter for Montessori equipment and use her theories with a flexible programme. (Garhart M C, (2000) Page 21-37) What difference (i f any) dexterity there be if the adult was aware of this theory?If the adult was aware of the theory the adult would be aware of discovery play and be able to plan activities in more depth. They will also be aware of the benefits of discovery play. How do you think the theory will affect an adults understanding of childrens play? They might think that something that the child is playing is not discovery. So this might not give the children as many opportunities. A*) The role of the adult in providing activities and supporting childrens play is to provide relevant resources to enable children to do specific activities e. g. ard making needs card, glue, sticking things/materials. An adult also sets out a play area for the children to play in. Adults make suggestions to widen the childrens knowledge and to support them when playing. Adults should also ask the children questions to develop their understanding. The adult considers the childrens needs e. g. provide activities for differ ent levels of needs (D7). I had no idea that there was so much to play. I had no idea that there was a lot of planning towards play and how play was actually structured rather than just cock-a-hoop a child a toy and telling them to play.I am now more confident in advising children when they are playing. I am now in a better position as I would be able to extend opportunities by asking the child questions. I have wise to(p) all the different stages and types of play. The types of play are The stages of play are Creative play. Solitary aged 0-2 years. Pretend play. Spectator aged 2-2 and a half years. bodily play. Parallel aged 2 and a half 3 years. Manipulation play. Associative 3 4 years. Discovery play. Co operative aged 4+ years. Bibliography websites used www. teachingexpertise. com http//nationalstrategies. standards. dcsf. gov. uk www. ofsted. gov. uk Www. raisingchildren. net. au Bibliography books used Tassoni P, Hucker K (2005) Planning Play and the Early Ye ars 2nd Edition. Oxford Heinemann (Page 163) Walker, M Beaver, M Brewster, J Neaum, S and Tallack, J (2008) Child care and Education CACHE Level 2 Cheltenham Nelson Thornes LTD (Page 195) Garhart M C, (2000) Theories of childhoodan introduction to Dewey, Montessori, Erickson, Piaget and Vygestsky.Redleaf Press Yorkton (Page 21-37) Sanders, M. R. Christenson, A. P. (1985). A comparison of the effects of child management and planned activities training across five parenting environments. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Pages 13, 101-117. Professional People Bruce D. Perry, M. D. , Ph. D. , is the Thomas S. Trammell Research Professor of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Chief of Psychiatry, Texas Childrens Hospital, Houston, Texas.

Principles Of Safeguarding And Protection Essay

Sexual squall This is unwanted sexual activity that is forced upon a person without their consent, this includes rape, making them watch pornography, pestering them by making sexual suggestions or comments, or they were pressured into consenting.Emotional/ mental abuse This is controlling behaviours like shouting and calling the improvement user names. Could be threats of harm or of being abandoned, being deprived of liaison with others, being humiliated, controlled, intimidated, kept in isolation or being go from supportive networks or assistances.Financial abuse Taking control of money and bank accounts. These include theft, fraud, exploitation, property or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits. Institutional abuse Institutional abuse comprises of neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, psychological, emotional and financial abuse. Residents are non allowed to go out, private letters opened and read, shown no respect for their privacy. divine renova tion users interests are not cultivaten into consideration, they are given more medication than required. Complaints procedure is not made available to the house physician. self neglect An large that fails to take care of their health and is likely to cause serious physical, mental or emotional harm to themselves.Neglect by others ignoring medical or physical needs. peter out to provide access to health, social care or educational suffices, withholding medication, not giving adequate nutrition and heating also clothing etc.Signs and symptoms associated with each type of abusePhysical abuse these include bruising around well protected and covered areas, fractures, burn marks, fear, depression and unexplained weight down loss or hair loss, flinching. Sexual abuse Unexplained change in their behaviour, difficulty in walking, sitting. Injuries to genital area, bloodstained underwear, pregnancy and STDs.Emotional/psychological abuse Withdrawal, depression, change in their sle ep patterns. Agitated, feeling confused. Change in their behaviour, change with their appetite, losing or gaining weight. Low self esteem and confidence.Financial abuse free bills. Basic needs not being met, lack of personalized possessions and clothes. Lack of money on a day to day basis. Unexlained money being interpreted from their bank account. Keeping the assistant user away from their family and friends, so that the support worker has total control.Institutional abuse No flexibility at repast times or bedtimes. Dirty bedding and clothing. Lack of care figures, misuse of medication, staff gather in no regard for the residents privacy they enter into the residents room without knocking.Self neglect Poor personal hygiene. remote clothing, confusion, malnourishment, incorrect medication could be over or under medicating, skin sores.Neglect by others Poor personal hygiene including soiled clothing, inappropriate clothing, and the resident could have bed sores, and whitet horn be constantly hungry due to lack of food. Suffer from different illnesses.Factors that may contribute to an individual being more unguarded to abuse The resident could be suffering from a mental disability such as dementia. The resident could be using illegal drugs or be an alcoholic. They could be isolated, suffering from depression. The resident may be suffering from low self esteem or self worth. All of these privy advert that person more vulnerable to abuse.Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuseIf a service user was showing signs of abuse, changes in their behaviour, marks or bruises on their body I would ask the service user what has happened, and tell them the changes that I have noticed. I leave behind listen carefully it is up to them to tell me what has happened. I allow not ask them either questions, I will stay calm. I will record what the service user tells me using their own words. I will reassure the service user and explain to them that their saf ety is most important and its my duty of care to inform the manager. The report will be confidential. I will let my manger know what has happened immediately in private. I will only record and report the facts that the service user told me. Depending what is found the service user may need to be monitored, plus a care plan put into place to protect the service user that must be followed.The actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused. Report the service users allegation to the manager in private. I would record the facts on appropriate paperwork using their words. I will listen and not judge the service user. I will establish what has happened and report any suspicions to my manager. I will reassure the service user at all times, and take the allegations seriously. I will peach clearly and precise and will avoid asking leading questions. I will date and sign the paperwork, get it signed by witnesses if there are any. Photographs will be taken of the evidence if this is possible.Identify ways to condition evidence of abuse is preservedRecord the facts immediatelyReport immediatelyDo not tamper with the evidence.Leave things as they are do not touch anything. Do not clean or wash what the service user is wearing. Do not handle service users clothes or bedding. Keep the area safe do not let anyone enter the area. Keep any first aid items that have been used.Understand the national and local anesthetic context of safeguarding and protection fromabuse National Policies Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006, the Vetting and Barring Scheme overflow by the independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA), Criminal Records Bureau, and Human Rights act 1998. Local Systems Safeguarding Adult Boards, Safeguarding policies and procedures for vulnerable adults. Safeguarding Adult Boards these bring together a number of local agencies that work with vulnerable adults to share their information and monitor their work, i.e agencies like the police, hous ing teams and advocacy groups. The Police their role is to safeguard vulnerable adults, investigate reports of vulnerable adult abuse, to protect and uphold the rights of all vulnerable adults. CQC to monitor and provide guidance on what health and social care provides must do to safeguard vulnerable adults from abuse, Safeguarding policies, procedures and systems are in place to prevent vulnerable adults from abuse.Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse Winterbourne Hospital had and inspection of its services subsequently allegations of abuse. The report came after Panarama filmed patients being pinned down, slapped and doused in cold water they were taunted and teased even though whistle blower Terry Bryan had warned of what was happening to the management and the Care lumber Control on a number of occasions. CQC inspectors found Castlebeck care failed to make sure that service users were adequately protected from risk. in that location was f ailure to protect service users or to investigate allegations of abuse. The provider also failed to notify CQC of serious accidents and times when service users went missing. Staff did not understand the needs of the service users that were in their care.Methods of obstacle would be used without any alternatives. Inspectors found that staff had been running(a) there without any background in care service. Castlebeck failed to meet standards required by uprightness including They did not report major incidents to the Quality Care Commission as required The delivery of care did not meet the service users individual needs. They did not have systems to assess and monitor the quality of services. They did not identify or manage risks relating to health welfare and the safety of the service users. They did nothing regarding complaints and people or so the service. Investigations into the conduct of staff were not robust and did not safeguard the service users. No reasonable steps wer etaken to prevent abuse before it occurred. There were ineffective recruitment procedures, not appropriate training and superintendence to staff.How to identify sources of information and advice to the highest degree my own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse This can be done in a number of different ways from training and advice from training centresSocial ServicesCare Quality CommissionFrom booksThe net profitMy companies policies and procedures on safeguardingMy manager and work colleaguesIndependant Safeguarding Authority.Understand how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced byWorking with person centred values By working with person centred values, individuality, privacy, choice, independence dignity respect and partnership, the service user is encouraged to live as independently as possible. By promoting choice and rights for a service user then they are making their own choices, and not having them made for them. They are more independent. Complaint s procedures should be in place and be accessible to them its then less confusing for them to have the confidence to report any abuse.Encouraging active voice participationTo encourage a service user to put down and make their own decisions, for example to ask them if they would like to have a bath or a shower. It is good practise to involve the service user with their care plan as its about them, this reduces the risk of abuse and also gives them confidence to speak up if there is an issue. The service user is an active partner in their own care or support, rather than a passive recipient.Promoting choice and rightsPromoting choice and rights is all of the above its about the service user taking control of their life, even if its in a small way by deciding what they want for breakfast. It allows them to be an individual, to have rightsand wishes recognised. The splendor of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse If a complaints procedure is easily accessible abusers would be more likely challenged about their behaviour, knowing this would make them less likely to abuse. It also helps the vulnerable service users to feel protected and less likely to accept abuse.Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices grievous practices that may affect the well being of individuals.These could be due toUnsafe administration of medicationBreaking confidentialityInadequate foodInadequate toileting dressing etcInappropriate physical contactFailure to maintain professional boundariesUnreliable systems for dealing with service users money and personal possessions.Failure to ensure supervisionInappropriate physical contact with regards to moving and handlingInadequate service users personal care plansNot carrying out tasks to a standard that caters to the individuals needs and personal preferences.Lack of staff trainingStaff to tired to do their job correctlyEvery time a short slip is taken on a procedure it could affect the well being a nd safety of others.Actions to take if unsafe practices have been identifiedFollow the organisations policies and proceduresProtect and ensure the safety of the individualReport to the line managerPreserve any evidenceRecord and report write a confidential report about what is suspected and why. Actions to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response If I have reported abuse or unsafe practices and nothing has been done by my line manager, I would contact the Care Quality Commission, social services and contact police ifnecessary As part of the process is to contact the local care standards inspectorate. The person that it was reported to should do this if they have not then it may be considered abuse or neglect. If I suspect that this has happened i can also blow the whistle on my employer.

China’s Foreign Policy Towards International Actors Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY china has one of the foursome oldest civilizations in the world and a written history of 4,000 years. chinas long history includes eras of primitive society, slave society, feudalism and trucking rig feudalism, semi-colonialism and the present socialist society. The Chinese are very proud of their society. They care for their own culture and religion but are open and pragmatic towards the religions and cultures of others. Chinese batch in general are peaceful, gumptious and easily contented. They respect authority and elders and are patient with their fellows. They will, however, push and sacrifice for their children. The Chinese value modesty, speechless behavior and humility. They believe in harmony and tend to avoid confrontation. Chinese culture gives the Chinese people their basic identity. These core values are unique and consistent, shaped by a tradition of four thousand years of history and maintained by the same language.There is only one amaze of core values in the Chinese national culture, despite all the differences among these people and their societies. This cultural value system is uniquely Chinese that distinguish itself not only from Western cultures, but also from other Eastern cultures (for example, Japanese culture). China is now a global actor of significant and growing importance. It is convoluted in regions and on issues that were once only peripheral to its interests and it is effectively using tools previously unavailable. It is no thirster necessary to emphasize integrating China into the existing constellation of norms, rules, and institutions of the international community by and large, China is already there.It is influencing perceptions, relationships, and organizations all over the world. Chinas international behavior is clearly altering the kinetics of the current international system, but it is not transforming its structure. Chinas global activism is driven by an placeable set of perceptions, obj ectives, and policiessome are long-standing and others are more current. Both Chinas impertinent polity objectives and its policies have evolved in the last decade but with more change in the latter than the former. In this sense, China has a distinct foreign policy strategy, to the extent that any nation has one. Chinas strategy is best understood as comprising multiple layers, each adding to an understanding of the totality of it.This monograph analyzes these layers, assesses the challenges for China in implementing its strategy, and evaluates the implications for Bangladesh and other countries interests and policy. The monograph analyzes the content, character, and execution of Chinas foreign policy towards International actors. It examines how China views its security environment, how it defines its foreign policy objectives, how it is pursuing the objectives and the consequences for other countries economic and security interests. The breadth and the rapidity of change in Chi nas international activities are daunting to analyze, let alone to understand.

Business Plan Electrical Blinds

Description We snap solar powered concealments to both consumer and businesses. Taking variance of the green movement, we allow our consumers to utilize direct muscularity from the sun that can be translated into powering small appliances indoors houses and corporate buildings. With most large building and houses using blinds we can capitalize on the large un tapped mart place. Our goal is to partner with large blind companies and push forward our technology food merchandiseing Plan and StrategyTarget Market Our main focus result be targeting home owners , business and building landlords. Offering our service to this deferral market of green conscious building owners forget allow us to capitalize on the rene suit fitted energy sector. Competitors Our competitors will be large corporation who put one over already developed solar instrument panels that are able to translate into powering small appliances. These companies will easily be able to enter the market and take mark et share.Our biggest competitors will be 3M technologies who have already developed small solar panel film that is able to be placed on solid objects. Pricing strategy Partnering with existing blind companies that already have existing contracts with building , home and landlord owners will be our largest attribute in penetrating the market. We will cater them a 8% profit in sales to use their blinds with our technology. In addition we will offer large distirubtion discounts to building owners to be more enticing to purchase our technologies with blinds.Promotion and distribution We will promote our intersection point through government services that promote green movement inside the energy sector. Distributing our products with large blind corporoation such as blinds to go will allow us to increase sales dramatically within the industry. Quality target To ensure quality we will have our technology fully certified in the beginning distribution. In addition we will * Green , durabl e , passes all ISO test Technology requirementsOur product will require solar power film that can recharge batteries which can power small application. Our blinds will have commonplace 12V alterers which will allow direct connection of appliances. Service support To keep our clients well-to-do with our services we offer a 24/7 direct support line if any products lose it during the desired warranty period. We offer 1,3 and 5 year warranty programs. Management Kyle 10 years of electric engineering back groundArchuna 15 years of marketing and sales with a back ground in solar panel construction Shadan 17 years of R&D at 3M technologies, specializing in solar panel construction. Background in blind sales from Blinds To Go. Organization structure Pyramid style chief executive officer Director Employees Intellectual property Patents Solar panel film, battery charger, power adapter Copywrite Solar panel blind architectural design Financial plan Receive funding from angel invest ors in shape to market our solar panel film into the market.We plan to invest in distribution, marketing our product. We will likewise invest in R&D to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of our solar panel film. jeopardy 1. New competitors that are able to replicate our technologies at a lower price. 2. Consumer will not adapt to our technology and will prefer standard blinds 3. Our prices will be for a niche market of consumers , the standard everyday living middle class buyer will not be willing to stipend additional cost for our blinds

The advent of globalization has brought significant changes

The advent of globalization has brought significant changes in the market trends in the locomote manufacture. As the auto industry is currently suffering from slumps due to the rising prices, taxes, competition and the oil color price hikes, it is of the essence(predicate) to define what the car manufacturers atomic number 18 doing to alleviate the effects of these various changes. One important aspect that the automobile manufacturers are doing is to follow Japanese models of buyer-supplier relations that have been proven to sustain the hindrances that are involved in venturing the global market.Upon realizing this, US car manufacturers are incorporating these models and are now slowly gaining railway yard in the global market. In addition, the issue of car prices has also affected some car manufacturers as they joined the tough competition in the global market. The factors that affect these car prices should also be presumptuousness emphasis as these involve the bigger pict ure of sustaining their business in the long run. Thus, globalization had pushed the automobile industry to improve on these aspects.With improved buyer-supplier relations and competitive car prices, the automobile companies should continue to strive in enhancing future research on these two aspects to develop the competitive advantage they need in the global market. Factors Affecting Economics of the Globalizing Automobile Industry With the current market trends around the world, the automobile industry has suffered slumps due to the rising prices, taxes, competition and most of all, the recent skyrocketing oil price hikes.As the modern global automotive industry traverses the paths of principal manufacturers, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Volkswagen, Toyota and Daimler-Chrysler, which all operate in a global competitive marketplace, it is seen that at that places still much hope to alleviate economic conditions that affect them. It is suggested that the globalization of the auto motive industry, has greatly accelerated during the last half of the 1990s due to the construction of important overseas facilities and establishment of mergers between giant star multinational automakers (Hiroaka, 2001).And, theres no reason that they could repeat that achievement. Globalization and the current mergers in the automobile industry has been correlated with todays controversies over high petrol prices and fuel-guzzling SUVs in the huge American market. According to The economic expert (September 8, 2005), this picture of the automobile industry only offers a partial detail of what future holds for industry as a wholeIt may well be fully mature in markets such as North America, Europe and Japan, where over- subject continues to sap profitability. But globally the industry is set for huge expansion with the motorization of China and India. Within a few years China will replace Japan as the second-largest national market after America. Some experts predict that over the next 20 years more(prenominal) cars will be made than in the entire 110-year history of the industry.In the same report, Garel Rhys, director of the Centre for self-propelling Industry Research at Cardiff University in Britain, enlightened that this growth will create the need for clxxx new factories, each producing 300,000 cars (and light trucks) a yearin effect, almost doubling the production capacity of the global industry to over 110m units annually. Thus, todays car plants will need to be renewed, retooled, refurbished and replaced to remain competitive. There is nowhere for the inefficient to hide. According to Takayasu and Mori (2002), the automobile manufacturing is an industry in which it is difficult to achieve optimized procurement, production and sales on a global scale. However, major assemblers began to form strategic partnerships based on capital relationships in the diaphragm from 1998 to 1999, and since then there has been an accelerating trend toward the creatio n of structures that allow manufacturers to supply a diverse range of vehicles tailored to consumer needs in markets throughout the world.