McDonald’s Faces “Millennial” Challenge Essay

McDonald’s has been around for nearly 60 years and is accustomed to dominating the fast food industry. However, McDonald’s is losing that dominance to the more modern fast-casual restaurants such as Chipotle and Panera Bread. People of ages 22-37, also known as millennials, are a major reason for the decrease of McDonald’s success because they seem to prefer the healthier and more modern option. Fast-casual restaurants big selling point is the freshness and healthiness of the food they provide. While it may be slightly more expensive than the combo-meal choices at McDonald’s, millennials seem to care more about the quality and freshness of their food over paying bottom dollar. Take a fast-casual restaurant like Chipotle, for example. Their â€Å"claim-to-fame† is that they use the freshest meat available and allow the customer to see the food they are getting before they order and eat it. Another popular characteristic of Chipotle is that there is no set menu. There is a list of ingredients which you can pick and choose from; on the contrary, McDonald’s has an extensive menu of pre-selected combo choices which doesn’t allow for much personalization from the customer. Because of this wide variety of options at fast-casual restaurants, McDonald’s is beginning to lose many of its’ â€Å"millennial† customers. Not only is McDonald’s losing customers in the United States, but they are also experiencing a sales and customer decline globally. One recent crisis in China involved the selling expired meats to customers. McDonald’s reported a sales decrease of 7.3% in the Asia/Pacific, Middle East, and African regions. Recently, McDonald’s has admitted to having and overly large menu which resulted in slow service times to customers. In conclusion, McDonald’s will need to make some necessary changes if they wish to regain the coveted business of millennials. First, they could have less preset combos and allow the customer to pick which stuff they would like to pair up. The more power that is in the customer’s hands, the happier that customer will be because they are getting exactly what they want.  Another thing that needs to happen is to become healthier and more modern. Recently, McDonald’s has incorporated wraps into their menu which is a good start. Fast-casual restaurants are appealing to most millennials because they have the healthier/fresher foods. In order for this fast food chain to survive and thrive once again, they will need to make the changes necessary to get them there.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (born 15 October 1931) usually referred to as Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is an Indianscientist and administrator who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, studied physics at the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, and aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai. Before his term as President, he worked as an aerospace engineer with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). [1] Kalam is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. [2] He played a pivotal organizational, technical and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since theoriginal nuclear test by India in 1974. Some scientific experts have however called Kalam a man with no authority over nuclear physics but who just carried on the works of Homi J. Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai. [3] Kalam was elected the President of India in 2002, defeating Lakshmi Sahgal and was supported by both the Indian National Congress and theBharatiya Janata Party, the major political parties of India. He is currently a visiting professor at Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad and Indian Institute of Management Indore, honorary fellow of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,[4] Chancellorof the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University (Chennai), JSS University (Mysore) and an adjunct/visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India. Kalam advocated plans to develop India into a developed nation by 2020 in his book India 2020. Books authored by him have received considerable demands in South Korea for the translated versions. [5] He has received several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. Kalam is known for his motivational speeches and interaction with the student community in India. [6] He launched his mission for the youth of the nation in 2011 called the What Can I Give Movement with a central theme to defeat corruption in India.

Colonized and Exploited People of Dune

Frank Herbert’s science fiction classic, Dune, is a stand-alone novel which introduces the world to the desert planet of Dune and the novels which follow, detailing the history of the people of a distant place and time. Dune is the only spot in the universe where the spice, Melange, is found. Dune has been colonized for 80 years by the House of Harkonnen. Dune is inhabited by the native Fremen and the soldiers and underlings of the Baron Harkonnen. The Fremen are lords of the desert and masters of the giant sand worms that live in the deep desert, but servants to the evil overlords.It is the presence of the worms that makes any travel or movement across those deserts very dangerous. The title of this paper refers to the Fremen and the Harkonnnen soldiers and people whose duty it is to keep Fremen in bondage. It is a paper on the colonized and exploited people of the novel Dune. The ongoing topic theme in the novel is the subjugation of the Fremen and how they are used, as the natives of most colonies are used, by their colonial masters. However, Herbert quickly shows the reader a different side of the Fremen.There is much more to them than what the Harkonnens or anyone else in the universe thinks. The Fremen are not the docile people it is thought that they are. They have secret stashes of weapons and water hidden in the desert and they are able to ride on the backs of the giant sand worms. It is made clear that they are waiting only for a leader who will organize them and send them against their evil overlords, the Harkonnens. Paul Atreides will be a holy warrior and a god to the native inhabitants.He will take their army and mold it to his will. This, in turn, will bring the Emperor of the universe and all of the leaders of the great houses to Arrakis, which is the real name of the planet Dune. They will come to protect their interest and the spice. They will underestimate the young Duke Paul Atreides and he will seize the Emperor’s crown for hi mself. Paul and the once exploited Fremen will rule the universe by overthrowing the House Harkonnen and forcing the abdication of the Padishah Emperor, Shaddam IV.The Fremen, led by Paul Atredeides, prove that oppressed peoples, in bondage to colonial powers, can hope to overthrow those tyrants and control their own lives if they never accept their slavery. The House Harkonnen, ruled by the evil Baron, pretend to give up their colony on Dune and turn it over to the House Atreides and its benevolent Duke, Leto, though they plan in secret to overthrow the duke and return to retake Dune as soon as House Atreides gets too comfortable in their new role. They are patient and they pretend they have left the planet peacefully and have turned over everything on the planet to House Atreides.Instead they have left spies and traps everywhere in the palace they have abandoned. Their plan is to return in force, murder the duke, his wife and heir and regain control of the spice. Their plan almost succeeds and they think they have retaken the planet. What they have not taken into consideration is that the Duke’s son and his wife escaped them, fled to the desert and took refuge with the Fremen. So while they managed to kill Duke Leto, his son, who is now Duke Paul, is alive and under the protection of the wild unexploited and dangerous Fremen of the deep desert.They also have not considered that Duke Paul’s arrival has been predicted by the Fremen holy women for generations and they accept Paul as their leader immediately. It is not long until they come to accept him as their god. The shield walls of the fortress are breached by the use of the Atreides family atomic weapons. With the shield-walls down the Fremen can enter, riding on the backs of giant sand worms and fight the Emperor’s Sardaukar army hand-to-hand in their favorite method of killing enemies.â€Å"Onward toward the Emperor’s hutment they (Fremen) came while the House Sardaukar stood awed for the first time in their history by an onslaught their minds found difficult to accept,† (451). The Emperor retreated for his life as his praetorian guard fought to the death to save him. He and Baron Harkonnen believed they held Alia, the young sister of Paul Atreides, as their hostage, while in reality she was almost as powerful as her older brother and never in any danger from them in any way. It was she who then kills the evil Harkonnen with a poisoned needle that she jabs into his hand.He dies instantly and House Harkonnen is without a leader. â€Å" (The barron’s) eyes bulged as he stared at a red slash on his left palm. †¦He rolled sideways in his suspensors, a sagging mass of flesh, supported inches off the floor with head lolling and mouth hanging open,† (450). Paul himself kills the last Harkonnen in a knife duel in front of the Emperor he is about to depose. The Emperor becomes a prisoner of Duke Paul and his Fremen, who were once the exp loited indigenous peoples of Dune, enslaved by their Harkonnen colonial overlords.To make the Emperor’s punishment complete Paul Atreides demands the hand of Shaddam IV’s daughter, and the crown of empire which he wears. â€Å"The Emperor turned a stricken look upon his daughter. She touched his arm, spoke soothingly: ‘For this I was trained, Father,’†(473). Paul not only takes the Padishah Emperor, Shaddam IV’s daughter in marriage, and the crown that he wears, he also exiles the Emperor to a remote planet. â€Å"You shall have a throne on Salusa Secundu,† Paul tells him at the meeting immediately after the battle, as Paul was dictating the terms (472).Paul also takes away the Emperor’s source of wealth and divides it up among his loyal servants. He leaves the former Emperor with little but a palace and a throne chair on which he could sit and think about the past when he ruled the universe. â€Å"(Get for me) the Emperor†™s entire CHOAM company holdings as dowry, â€Å" Paul tells his mother (473). Paul Atreides, the young son of Duke Leto Atreides, begins his slow path to becoming a god of the Fremen of Dune in an odd way, as if anyone has ever become a god in a routine way.Along with his mother he is taken prisoner when House Harkonnen betrayed the House Atreides and overthrew their rule of the planet Dune. They are to be killed by being taken deep into the deserts of Dune in a flying ship, and there they are to be abandoned without food, water or shelter. They will either die of the elements, starvation, dehydration or become the prey of marauding giant sand worms which prowl the deep deserts and are attracted to the noise of people walking across the sand. Paul’s mother, the Lady Jessica, concubine to the Duke, is a Bene Gesserit witch with many powers.She is able to bend the minds of most men to her will by using her hypnotic voice. As she and Paul are bound and gagged and in a flying machine headed into the dessert Paul tries to use his own limited powers on the two Harkonnen men. Jessica understands what he is trying to do and helps him. He is able to get them to ungag his mother and she is able to use her full voice powers to convince them to unbind her son. Paul is able to overpower the two men and bring down the ship in the middle of the desert.He and his mother seek refuge in a rock outcrop when leads into a cavern. There they find the Fremen of the desert, the natives of Dune, the people they are exploiting. These Freemen are seen as a non-violent group, mostly serving their Harkonnen masters as servants and doing menial tasks for them. But they are cunning and adept at surviving. They spy on the Harkonnens and do all they can to upset the trade and livelihood of their masters. Deep in the remote deserts of Dune there are far more of them then anyone realizes and they are militant.They plan to change the face of their world because they have no free water . They envision creating rivers and lakes and even rain. They have spent years trapping reservoirs of water which they plan to release when the time is right. They are a very religious people and their holy women, those who can see visions by ingesting the spice, Melange, have prophesied that a man will come to them and lead them in a holy war across the face of the planet and even beyond. He will be what they call the ‘Kwisatz Haderach’ and he will be able to see the future.Paul and his mother join up with the Fremen and Jessica becomes their Reverend Mother. Paul quickly moves to lead in all areas. He fulfills the prophesies and they begin to recognize his abilities. The Water of Life is a fluid in which a baby sandworm has been soaked and preserved (423). It is deadly poisonous to humans unless they have the training and the power to convert this elixir to a harmless by-product inside their bodies. It is drank by women who wish to become holy and take their place as Reverend Mothers. No man has ever survived drinking it.Jessica drank of the liquid, and it changed her to a Reverend Mother, but she was pregnant with Paul’s sister, Alia, at the time. It also changed her as well and so she was born premature and a full Reverend Mother, with all the knowledge possessed by all of the Reverend Mothers who had gone before her. Paul then decided that if he was really the chosen one he could survive the drinking of the water. He did survive and he came out of the experiences as the Kwizatz Haderach (424), a much more powerful being than a Reverend Mother, and fulfills all of the prophesies of the Fremen.They call him Muad Dib and begin a cult that results in his deification (350). As the leader and god figure of the Freman, Paul Atreides begins a holy war across the face of the universe. His Fremen are religious fanatics. Graves wrote that Claudius I said that religious fanaticism is the most dangerous form of insanity. Paul was aware of his godhe ad and he understood that he lost friends when he became more god-like. As the Freman began to worship him they no longer could love him as a human being. â€Å"I’ve seen a friend become a worshipper,† he (Paul Atreides) thought (455).The truth-sayer and Reverend Mother of the Padishah Emperor understands what happened and she understands Paul’s godhead. She sees what will happen if this group of Fremen warriors were ordered into space to swarm across the universe in a holy war for the sake of spreading the religion of Paul Muad Dib. â€Å"She glimpsed the jihad and said: ‘You cannot loose these people upon the universe! ’ (473). The circle becomes complete. In the beginning the Fremen are the exploited natives of a planet that had the potential to rule the universe. All it needs is the right leader, which it finds in Paul Atreides.It is also equally clear that the leader who is prophesied to arrive is the son of their new overlord, Duke Leto Atrei des. It is proven that 15-year-old Paul is the chosen one, the man who will come and lead the Fremen in a jihad against the evil Harkonnens. Although he arrives on Dune as the rich son of the ruling Duke, he quickly moves to identify with the natives and become one of them. Paul overthrows the House Harkonnen and deposes the Emperor. He gains control of all spice production and becomes a god in the eyes of the Freman, who throw off the colonial yoke of servitude.These warriors spread his religion across the universe and he is worshipped as god and Emperor. Bibliography Graves, R. I, Claudius New York: Vintage Press 1989 Herbert, F. Dune New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons 1999 Answers. com Fremen Retrieved 3-32-07 from: http://www. answers. com/topic/fremen Farsector. com 2003 Desert Power Retrieved 3-30-07 from: http://www. farsector. com/media/4_2003. htm wikipedia. org Paul Atreides Retrieved 3-29-07 from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Paul_Atreides

Computer Network Security Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computer Network Security - Case Study Example In order to protect digital information, organizations are keen to implement technical controls such as firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems, honeypots and Demilitarized zones. These controls are considered as logical and provide security on the logical layer. However, often the important aspect i.e. information security management is not addressed to the optimal level. A typical information security program is led by an information security manager who establishes a steering committee for discussing security aspects focusing not only on the IT department but every department within the enterprise. Some of the management controls that are implemented by the information security manager are IT governance, Risk management, monitoring Key Process Indicators (KPI) and Key Goal Indicators (KGI). KPI demonstrates the current state of security within an organization and KGI demonstrates the level of security to be achieved. As per the current scenario, critical data must be protected by i mplementing Firewalls to secure the network from external logical threats and Virtual Private Network will be implemented for securing the data transmission on the Wide Area Network. 2 Detailed Network Security Recommendations 2.1 Fundamentals of Firewall and VPN Network security appliances are implemented for providing three fundamental functions i.e. prevention, detection, and correction. Some of the most commonly adopted security appliances are Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems. Firewall is defined as â€Å"a piece of software or hardware device that ? filters the information coming through the Internet connection into a private network or a computer system. Firewall enforces an access control policy between two or more networks with two key functions: to block unwanted traf?c, and to permit wanted traf?c† (Firewall.2007). Similarly, as per network dictionary, Intrusion detection system is defined as â€Å"Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a type of security man agement system for computers and networks. An IDS gathers and analyzes information from various areas within a computer or a network to identify possible security breaches, which include both intrusions and misuse†. 2.2 Recommendation for Firewall and VPN Remote access ‘VPN’ provide emulation of a workstation to a remote user. It can extend every application related to data, video or voice communication. Remote access ‘VPN’ can provide highly customizable and secure remote access to employees anywhere anytime with any compatible device (Vachon & Graziani,). They can access the network resources and data access with any compatible device. The remote access ‘VPN’ portrays a realistic user experience as the user access his own system. The access is more flexible and easy because it can be operated by any compatible computing device. Remote access ‘VPN’ supports a wide variety of connectivity options and platforms, fulfilling the user requirements efficiently. 2.3 Recommended Solution for the Enterprise-A recommended solution for the enterprise will be a hardware-based firewall that is also called as Adaptive Security appliance ASA 5500 from Cisco. The ‘Cisco ASA 5500 Series Security Appliances’ personalize the security for specific network requirements such as securing credit card transactions.  

People tastes in digital culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People tastes in digital culture - Essay Example This is a characteristic feature of modern times social networking sites, where people sitting in two different parts of the world are in contact yet people who are side by neighbors, or even in single apartment don’t get to know and hear from each other for days. The response and the approach observed by her is highly reflective of how the overall contacts are being handled and conducted in modern times. So much so, it has eliminated the need for traveling and seeing the people who are at other places. This technological shift has enabled watching and getting in touch with people who are not just across the border, but also across the ocean and across the continent. With technology taking over every domain of life and society, this trend is bound to increase its scope and everything and every individual is bound to become more digital in coming times(Turkle, 2011). Out of all it can be deduced that there is no digital divide yet there is a massive physical divide and it is bo und to get ripe and more visible as the technology penetrates more into our life with times ahead. Technology promises much more in times ahead and more isolation of human beings from one another is expected. The mankind has become dependent on the machine. Question 2: HOW DID HE DO IT? (Isaacson) While it is an understood fact that entire surrounding is occupied by digital gadgets and electronic devices, very few would deny the fact that what we are seeing today is mostly the contribution of certain individuals. While Bill gates is one of the most notable figure being celebrated and talked about in many corners all over the world, the man who is perhaps equally or slightly more responsible for the present day gadgets is none other than the man who is known by many names. The names which are of characteristics feature and precede his real world name. These include the name of being a pioneer, a proponent, a legendry man, an electronic device guru, an innovator, a visionary leader, a motivator. The names and list can go on, but these all define one man who was known as Steve Jobs by the world. From I Pod to I Pad to I pad 2, to I phone, all sum up the man’s performance and his contribution to the modern times gadgets(Imbimbo, 2011). All that we see today, all the gadgets that are in our hands, in our pockets, in our pouches, on our tables, on the walls, are all the gifts of the geniuses of one man himself. Starting the journey from a small garage, leading to a small company, followed by Atari development and further followed by venture collaboration with Apple Inc. This man never looked back, and he was gifted with qualities of geniuses, innovation, and creativity. He had the ability of thinking out of the box and outsmarting his competitors. Perhaps this is the sole reason, his inventions; his geniuses are still ruling the world and markets of technology despite his sad demise from this world. Apple I phone 5 was an example of this entire journey that w as recently being unveiled despite the demise of the man himself last year who has been behind this entire concept of innovation, smartness, ubiquity, sleekness, user friendliness and many other features and functions. Success is not the kind of door that can be opened only with one

Gender Discrimination Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Discrimination - Term Paper Example There are different contexts that sexual  discrimination  may  arise  (Ayres, p 65). For example, an employee attending an  interview  may be asked discriminatory questions, or an  employer  wrongfully terminated or did not  promote  an employee based on their sexual affiliations, an employer failing to hire an employee, or an employer pays  unequal  remunerations based on gender. Another instance is in an educational  setting  whereby there might be claims of a student  being left  out on  educational  institution, opportunity, program, student loan, scholarship, or student  group  due to their gender. In a housing setting, instances may be declined the right to negotiate on seeking a  house, leasing or contracting a  house  based on their sex. In a bank setting, an individual may be offered  unequal  loan terms or their  plea  for loans rejected based on their gender. Whereas there may be assertions of non-physical disparity bet ween men and women, academic  literature  based on gender find only a limited  amount  of characteristics that are similar psychological differentials, between women and men, these are directly in relation to experiences pegged on biological discrepancies (Gunderson, p129). There are  psychological  variations regarding to how problems, emotional reactions and perceptions relating to hormones, and the relevant characteristics of each sex during the long-term  function  in  historic  primitive  lifestyles. According to the United Nations, women more often than not  face  a â€Å"glass ceiling† and that no societies are available whereby women enjoy equal opportunities as men (Gregory, p82). The term describes a  distinguished  barrier  to progress in employment based on sex discrimination. In 1995, the Glass Ceiling Commission, a United Sates government financially funded group regardless of the fact that women  are awarded  over 50% of all masters degrees, 95% of senior managers, of over 1000  industrial  and 500 service companies are of the male gender. The  commission  recommended affirmative action in their report which considers employee’s race and gender.  while hiring and promoting employees, This is to  eradicate  this discrimination (Gregory p83).  In 2008, as a result of this move, 51% of all workers in well- paying professional, management, and related occupations were women. They were a larger number than men in occupations such as  financial  managers, public relations managers, and human resource managers. Transgender individuals, both female to male and male to female face difficulties which  eventually  result  to underachievement, dismissals,  difficulty  in job searching, social isolation, and sometimes violent attacks (Cohn, p74). However, gender discrimination is not only revealing itself with women or in transgender individuals. Men are also sometimes victimized on the basis of sex in certain fields of  employment  such as office administration and childcare settings conventionally assumed to be â€Å"women’s jobs†. Other ways in which gender  discrimination  may reveal itself is through an employee claims that a manager or another individual in power makes statements or jokes that are  insulting, demeaning, or offensive to women (McLean, Sheila, and Noreen, p68). Another instance is a  case  of a  manager  who clarifies through his words or actions that he has

Study on the Internet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Study on the Internet - Assignment Example PhD is most likely a level that a researcher must examine any subject of choice in details, for a number of years in his or her course. In this sense, it was decided to study the matter of sample size in PhD studies’ context. The two major concerns of this study were to find out the number of participants who make use of qualitative interviews in their PhD studies, and if this numbers differ depending on the procedural approach. The method of the study A PhD database content analysis was carried out on the â€Å"Index To Theses: A comprehensive listing of theses with abstracts accepted for higher degrees by universities in Great Britain and Ireland since 1716†. This research was performed between the third of August, and twenty forth of August, 2009 (Mason, 2010). In the collection, 532,646 abstracts were used to discover PhD studies, indicating that they had utilized qualitative interviews to collect information. To find out any dissimilarity between diverse research t echniques, a classification of 26 varying qualitative research techniques from different disciplines were used. The methodological traditions were classified into four groups, namely: discovery of regularities, reflection, language characteristics, and comprehension of action or text meaning (Gravetter & Forzano, 2011). The researchers used a â€Å"standard search† with a number of parameters applied: if â€Å"any field† entailed â€Å"insert methodology†; if â€Å"any field† entailed interviews†; and if â€Å"Degrees† entailed PhD. The study looked solely at the use of individual to individual personal interviewing, meaning that focus groups were excluded from this analysis. The outstanding studies were collected using samples. A search on the abstracts was carried out and the following details were recorded on each: category of qualitative research; the methods used; and the number of interviewees who participated (Mason, 2010). Findings Th e findings by the authors indicated that in general, the range of the participant numbers used was between 95 and 1. Of the 560 studies examined, the mean and median were 31 and 28 respectively, perhaps suggesting that the central dispersion measures were consistent in general. It was clear that some approaches used interviews in their methodologies than others. Out of the 26 qualitative methods, 9 returned over 10 studies. The most popular techniques utilized in PhD studies as per this analysis were: life history, grounded theory method, discourse analysis, case study, phenomenology, content analysis, hermeneutics, action research, and symbolic interactionism. Case study projects were the most frequently utilized interviews; 1,401, while the grounded theory accounted for 429, with an inclusion criteria of 41%. On the other hand, qualitative evaluation accounted for the highest mean in the number of participants at 42, while ethnography communication recorded the lowest at 34. Discu ssion The most popular sample sizes were 30 and 20. Forty, ten, and twenty five followed the sequence. The considerable high proportion of studies using the multiples of ten to act as their sample stands out as the most vital finding of this analysis (Rubin & Babbie, 2009). There is no hypothesis-driven or logical reason why samples that end with any single integer would prevail than another in qualitative PhD researches that uses interviews. If the directing concept for qualitative resea

Information Systems Project ,, application design Research Proposal

Information Systems Project ,, application design - Research Proposal Example Following these needs, it is paramount that businesses and non-business establishments to develop technical solutions aimed at meeting customer needs at all times. Hence, this is a research proposal which seeks to authenticate the validity of developing web-based mobile application whose purpose is to ensure customers are able to follow up events that matter to them such as the schedule of favorite movie at the cinema, where to buy tickets for major sporting events, and finding business establishments such as supermarkets, medical facilities, and grocery stores through the use of an integrated map and navigation tools. The need for faster service delivery is a universal business consideration that take into account the need for better time management. Based on this need, a proposal for the development of a website that intends to serve specific customer requirements such as navigating through busy streets to access services such as therapists, dentists, restaurants, and restaurant menus developed to facilitate better time management and self-efficiency for customers from all around the City of Riyadh. The functionality of the website, which will have the potential of being ported into a mobile application will take into consideration the aspect of navigation through real-time city maps showing categories of establishments meeting a customer’s needs. The project’s aim will be to integrate the concept of shared local experience targeting Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, customers such that business establishments and the customers are connected through a virtual network facilitating better time management, flawless navigation through busy city streets, accounting for clicks per page for businesses that will integrate their services and product offers to the proposed website and subsequent mobile application. The mobile application development will take into consideration the most popular mobile operating systems

Secrets of the FBI (Ronald Kessler) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Secrets of the FBI (Ronald Kessler) - Assignment Example It shows they are not able to effectively get the information they need so they resort to blackmail. This will increase accountability to the service. The second issue of agreement is the exposure about their training. 20 weeks training, shooting accuracy of 80% and above, firing 3900 rounds of ammunition in 20 weeks and training in surveillance, undercover tactics is a show of good training and even the enemy would be scared of this. There are also some things mentioned that are not agreeable. First, the very exposure of the internal operations of the service is totally unacceptable. This was also expressed by two callers who expressed much pessimism about the revelation. It aids the enemy and causes violent aggression to any American in any building across the world. Secondly, the financial exposure would send the economists back to their drawing board about the amount of funds spend on this training. It implores a waste of hard earned cash from the consolidated fund. Given that it is being aired live, it may send the wrong picture to the public about government expenditure and priorities. Someone in Criminal Justice requires knowing this because the revelation would create caution to him/her. The way any American is viewed globally totally changes and there is also need to invent new methods of operation to increase their

English Journal Essay Example for Free

English Journal Essay â€Å"Within the diamond haze of the beach something dark was fumbling along. Ralph saw it first and watched till the intentness of his gaze drew all eyes that way. Then the creature stepped from mirage on to clear sand, and they saw that the darkness was not all shadow but mostly clothing. The creature was a party of boys, marching approximately in step in two parallel lines and dressed in strangely eccentric clothing. (Golding 1954, Ch. 1, p. 19) | This analysis explores the literary feature characterization. In this passage of the novel Golding describes the setting as â€Å"the diamond haze of the beach† to make the reader experience darkness and mystery, as if the reader is actually there. But not just the setting is important in this passage. The author’s choice of words to characterize the choir boys is impeccable. In this quotation the readers see the mysterious â€Å"creature† coming closer and closer to the two boys, Ralph and Piggy. Golding uses imagery to make the reader experience this spooky event. It is evident in the phrase â€Å"Then the creature stepped from mirage on to clear sand, and they saw that the darkness was not all shadow but mostly clothing. † By using the noun â€Å"creature†, Golding instills a scary, horrifying appearance to the group of boys. Also, he uses the word â€Å"mirage† to provide the reader with a mysterious, almost horror-like feeling as the group comes closer and closer. These nouns signify mysteriousness and darkness, providing the readers with a spooky, eerie atmosphere which helps us understand that the group of boys seem dangerous. This passage is taken from the author’s point-of-view and it makes a great impact on the reader. | â€Å"That’s enough! † said Ralph sharply, and snatched back the conch. â€Å"If you didn’t you didn’t. â€Å"-then you come up here an’ pinch my specs-† Jack turned on him. â€Å"You shut up! †(Golding 1954, Ch. 2, p. 46)| This analysis explores the literary feature imagery. In this dialogue of the novel Golding shows an argument between Ralph, the leader, and the other boys. The author uses words and phrases like †You shut up! † and â€Å"That’s enough! † to stress the harshness and seriousness of the situation to the reader. By using â€Å"enough! † the author deeply signifies the disturbance and frustration that Ralph is experiencing as pack leader. Jack is also portrayed as rude and bossy by using the phrase â€Å"You shut up! † This makes the reader feel a scuffle going on between the two, as if two factions are ready to be formed. This short passage shapes the theme â€Å"Inherent evil within humanity† as a whole by giving the reader a rude argument scene to show that there is inherent evil within humanity. | â€Å"Don’t you want to be rescued? All you can talk about is pig, pig, pig! â€Å"But we want meat! † â€Å"And I work all day with nothing but Simon and you come back and don’t even notice the huts! † (Golding 1954, Ch. 3, p. 54) | This analysis explores the literary feature characterization. In this passage of the novel Golding shows Ralph gives a rap on the knuckles to all those who didn’t participate in the hard-working day. By using the words â€Å"don’t even notice†, Golding wants the reader to experience the anger that Ralph has for these children. He states that he â€Å"work all day with nothing but Simon†, which means no child wants to do the hard work, except for those who actually are optimistic and think they have chance to leave this island. The other children’s egoistic behavior becomes problematic for the faction to develop any further. Golding emphasizes the state of stress Ralph is in as the leader of a faction in this sentence: â€Å"And I work all day with nothing but Simon and you come back and don’t even notice the huts! †This passage in the novel is used to let the reader the reader there are lots of egoistic people in the world and that it is very hard to get those people to work. By mentioning the repetition â€Å"pig, pig, pig!†, the children make themselves seem as they only about their personal lives, rather than the life of the faction. | â€Å"Roger and Maurice came out of the forest. They were relieved from duty at the fire and had come down for a swim. Roger led the way straight through the castles, kicking them over, burying the flowers, scattering the chosen stones. Maurice followed, laughing, and added to the destruction. † (Golding 1954, Ch. 4, p. 60)| This analysis explores the literary features setting and characterization. In this passage of novel Golding makes it known that the quietness of the forest is disturbed by using verbs like â€Å"burying†, â€Å"kicking†, â€Å"scattering†. These words add to the destructive mood of the passage. Also, the setting is described as horrendous, menacing, and violent because one of the boys, Maurice in particular, laughs during this passage, meaning his carelessness towards the forest may result in shortage of necessary figures for their faction. Golding makes this scene stick out like a sore thumb because of the complete indiscretion that Roger and Maurice caused to the forest.

Analysis of the Politics of Problem Definition

Analysis of the Politics of Problem Definition INTRODUCTION Comprehending the pros and cons of issues becoming public problems is the clue to understanding the course of action and agenda setting. In the American system there are issues such as poverty, equity, violence, substance abuse, etc. which continuously encroaches on the system but only few can be regarded as public problems and become a consideration for public agenda. Factors like expansion of participation and issue characteristics are liable for a problem to become public. The study assesses the problem definition process using a threshold model of collective behavior. This is based critically on an individual’s threshold of abstinence from the conditions across society. Expectation of the number of individuals who have already crossed the threshold or are likely to cross it influences the inclination of individuals to cross the non-acceptance threshold. To comprehend this, a theoretical framework to the sexual harassment problem and Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination hearings has been utilized. It has been tested with factual data for statistical assessment to an array of collective behavior. THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM DEFINITION A multitude of conditions such as pollution, hunger, smoking and child abuse have plagued America through time but there has been no public disclosure to define them as problem. Therefore a divorce prevails between objective conditions and problem definitions. Citizens assess conditions at individual levels. Social influences, values, culture and norms cause an individual to have a neutral or favorable response to the existing conditions. Understanding of objective costs, benefits of a particular condition can vary in individuals and are evaluated accordingly. When the costs of tolerating the conditions become ample, an individual will cross the threshold of public non-acceptance. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS The graphical representation of the threshold model is used to understand collective behavior. Here, p = individual’s expectation of the proportion of the population that fails to publicly oppose the condition Oi = private assessment of the condition based on the ratio of costs to benefit plus costs of the condition. The private assessment is Oi and expected social non acceptance (1-p). The heavy line represents the threshold at which individuals with different costs and expectations of social non-acceptance are precisely indifferent between publicly accepting versus non-accepting the condition. The space to the left indicates individuals publicly accepting the condition and the right expresses non-acceptance. In fig. 1 individuals who privately assess the costs of the condition move to public non-acceptance only if they have expectations that the proportion of social non-acceptance is greater. When Oi=1, proportion of (1-p) is greater than 0.40 and when Oi=0.75, proportion of (1-p) is larger than 0.50. If media educate the public about the costs and benefits of the conditions there will be changed problem definition. As individuals alter their private evaluations, the slope of the function representing the distribution of threshold, changes. In fig.2 if Oi=0.75 then (1-p) exceeds 0.30 and when Oi=0.50 expected (1-p) exceeds to 0.50 to oppose the condition. The media makes the setting more useful to changing problem definition by changing the distribution of thresholds for individuals. In fig.3 a cumulative density function of social non acceptance (the dashed line) is superimposed onto the threshold function depicted earlier. The upper horizontal axis indicates actual social non-acceptanc e after cost benefit evaluations. This diagram implies that there is wide gap between private cost-benefit assessment and public positions. The stable equilibria level indicated may alter to change in factual data made available by media, political leaders. Problem reevaluation occurs in an interspersed manner due to the swift shift from point of equilibria to another. Testing the applicability of such models is difficult because of exact data requirements aggregate data may be used to analyze to crossing of the threshold levels of non-acceptance. The importance of the feedback mechanism has also been indicated. SEXUAL HARRASSMENT AND THE CLARENCE THOMAS SUPREME COURT NOMINATION HEARING The feminist movements in the late 1970s termed the exploitation of women by men in the workplace as sexual harassment. This was emphasized by women’s groups who started to educate and garner their support. Statistics reveal that prior to the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination hearings; sexual harassment in workplace was common in America. The Thomas nomination hearings in September and October 1991 drastically altered the political scenario on the issue of sexual harassment. Thomas, a conservative African American, a member of the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia was nominated as a Justice of the Supreme Court. The Senate Judiciary Committee held eight days of hearing on the nomination. The nomination was sent to the full Senate without a recommendation. Prior to the scheduled vote, the National Public Radio broadcasted a story that spread rapidly. Anita Hill, a colleague of Thomas alleged sexual harassment against him. Intense pressure from public group s and interests culminated in the postponement schedules votes to investigate charges. Since the hearings were televised nationally, Americans became more educated and aware of the issue. The hearing ended with public opinion swaying in Thomas’ direction and he was confirmed by a narrow margin as a Supreme Court Justice. Simultaneously it was a failure of the women’s movement to remedy the issue of sexual harassment and it would be tolerated and those making the allegations failed to produce change. The focus on the issue enhanced citizen mobilization enhanced. The EEOC data showed equilibrium prior to the hearing. The increase in the number of charges filed corresponded with the timings of the hearing. It was evident that a new higher equilibrium of charges filed was attained. Thus, the cascading process denoted in fig. 3 was at work since there was inertial movement to a new equilibrium. There was no feedback prior or after the hearing. Before the hearings increased prior charges and successes resulted in fewer new charges. This suggests that negative feedback maintained the pre intervention equilibrium. After the hearings increased prior charges and successes produced new charges and successes. This suggests a cascading effect to the new equilibrium. Before the hearings and enhance media attention to sexual harassment actually produced few charges but after the hearings the effect of the media attention on new charges had a dynamic escalation. CONCLUSION This analysis has amalgamated the individual evaluation of costs and benefits with data and social forces resulting in a dynamic change in collective behavior which is best illustrated by using threshold model of collective behavior and distribution of individuals’ thresholds of non-acceptance on the conditions in society. The application of this was explained through the Thomas Supreme Court Nomination hearings. Focus of media and public resulted in more charges, more successes and increase of media attention. Thus in conclusion it can be said that is there is a pre-existing condition that many find privately costly, with widespread public acceptance, the system is ready for a metamorphosis. Since there is a multitude of such conditions prevalent in America at one time and disturbances are likely to occur and changes in the American political system will be present always. Reference Dan Wood, B., Doan, A. (2003). The politics of problem definition: applying and testing threshold models.American Journal of Political Science,47(4), 640-653.

Creative Commons - America Needs Fair Use Licenses Essays -- Argumenta

Creative Commons - America Needs Fair Use Licenses It’s likely happened to you before, you turn on your radio, or favorite music video network and begin listening to a song by some hot new pop starlet, hip-hop superstar, or aging rocker. The beat is catchy, inviting, and oddly familiar, almost too familiar in fact. You may think, â€Å"Didn’t David Bowie, or, hmm, wasn’t it that guy from Queen that played this riff in like ten years ago? Who is this Vanilla Ice guy and why is he rapping over it?† If you were old enough to remember Under Pressure and subsequently were listening Ice Ice Baby in 1990 (likely while cruising in your Mustang 5.0 convertible on your way to a Milli Vanilli concert), you would have experienced an example of modern day sampling. Whether it is literature, music, science, or art, there are few, if any, new and innovative ideas that are completely original through and through. Our predecessors inspire us to build upon their work, and develop new arts, technologies, and ideas that will advance our society as a whole. Sampling is the act of taking a portion of one sound recording, and then reusing that portion as an element, or instrument, in a new recording. (Wikipedia) Sampling is an excellent example of a modern way in which others ideas seed our own creativity. Improvements in the technologies that both mediate and constrict the ability to sample, from analog recording devices of the late 1970s, to the digital software suites of today, run parallel with rise in popularity of sample based music. The internet, and other forms of communication that have allowed creative people from around the world to cull inspiration from anywhere, has lead to an increase in remixes, collages, pastiches, a... ...l.ca/copyrightlaw/chapter1.html#a8> Lessig, Lawrence. â€Å"Creative Freedom For All.† Wired Magazine. Vol. 12 Issue 11. November 2004. Plotkin, Hal. â€Å"All Hail Creative Commons: Stanford professor and author Lawrence Lessig plans a legal insurrection.† SFGate.com. February 11, 2002. â€Å"Sampling (music)† Wikipedia. Accessed November 22, 2004. Shachtman, Noah. â€Å"Copyright Enters a Gray Area.† Wired News. Feburary 14, 2004. â€Å"Some Rights Reserved: Building a Layer of Reasonable Copyright.† Creative Commons Accessed November 22, 2004.

Saturday Morning Visitors :: Descriptive Essay Examples, narrative

  Saturday Morning Visitors          As far as I am concerned, the unpardonable sin is someone dropping by our house before noon on Saturdays.    Since I go to school and work too, Saturday is the only day of the week on which I can be lazy and sleep late. Therefore, I am late getting my housework done. By Saturday, my house is completely in ruins; anyone who is blessed with a six-year-old boy can understand what I am talking about. As an example, it is not uncommon to walk into the living room and find an old ragged sheet or quilt stretched across a couple of chairs-this serves as his tent. This is the exact time some people decide to come by to see us. As the visitors come in, I hurriedly snatch the tent down, but immediately wish that I hadn't for under it are Chewbacca, Hans Solo, Luke Skywalker, C3PO. And R2D2. Trying nonchalantly to push these Star Wars creatures aside with my bare foot, I suddenly stop. My foot has come in contact with some unknown substance-it is oozing up between my toes. I look down and silently blaspheme the makers of Green Slime. As I gently remove my foot from this green wad, some of i t continues to cling between my toes. Pretending that it doesn't bother me, I lead our guests into the dining room, hoping it will be more presentable. Much to my dismay, it does not look any better, for there, on the table, are the remains of my daughter's midnight snack. The remains include a black banana peeling that looks like a relic from The Dark Ages; an empty glass with a dried milk ring; two stale blueberry pop-ups; and a pile of orange-red carrot peelings. My daughter is a border-line vegetarian, so the latter does not surprise me.    Having removed the residue from the table and seated our early birds, I am brought to the second reasons why I dislike having company on Saturday mornings. Remembering my in-bred Southern manners, I ask if I can get our guests something to eat or drink-when it hits me like a two-by-four-I have nothing to offer. This is grocery shopping day. Saturday Morning Visitors :: Descriptive Essay Examples, narrative   Saturday Morning Visitors          As far as I am concerned, the unpardonable sin is someone dropping by our house before noon on Saturdays.    Since I go to school and work too, Saturday is the only day of the week on which I can be lazy and sleep late. Therefore, I am late getting my housework done. By Saturday, my house is completely in ruins; anyone who is blessed with a six-year-old boy can understand what I am talking about. As an example, it is not uncommon to walk into the living room and find an old ragged sheet or quilt stretched across a couple of chairs-this serves as his tent. This is the exact time some people decide to come by to see us. As the visitors come in, I hurriedly snatch the tent down, but immediately wish that I hadn't for under it are Chewbacca, Hans Solo, Luke Skywalker, C3PO. And R2D2. Trying nonchalantly to push these Star Wars creatures aside with my bare foot, I suddenly stop. My foot has come in contact with some unknown substance-it is oozing up between my toes. I look down and silently blaspheme the makers of Green Slime. As I gently remove my foot from this green wad, some of i t continues to cling between my toes. Pretending that it doesn't bother me, I lead our guests into the dining room, hoping it will be more presentable. Much to my dismay, it does not look any better, for there, on the table, are the remains of my daughter's midnight snack. The remains include a black banana peeling that looks like a relic from The Dark Ages; an empty glass with a dried milk ring; two stale blueberry pop-ups; and a pile of orange-red carrot peelings. My daughter is a border-line vegetarian, so the latter does not surprise me.    Having removed the residue from the table and seated our early birds, I am brought to the second reasons why I dislike having company on Saturday mornings. Remembering my in-bred Southern manners, I ask if I can get our guests something to eat or drink-when it hits me like a two-by-four-I have nothing to offer. This is grocery shopping day.

Landing :: essays research papers

Troy Mosley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Process Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 12, 2001 Landing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s been said that, â€Å"A pilot’s second greatest thrill is flying. Landing is the first.† Without a doubt, while flying around may be fun, it’s not worth it if the pilot can’t land the plane safely. Flight schools spend approximately 50 percent of ground school time going over landing procedures with soon-to-be pilots. The process is not all that complicated, but every step in the process is important and there is a lot to remember.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first requirement when landing an airplane is to inform air traffic control that you entering the traffic pattern of the airport as you approach. Once the pilot gets the go ahead from air traffic control, he must maintain proper altitude in the traffic pattern until he is lined up with the runway. Before dropping altitude the pilot must go through the landing checklist. The checklist is called the GUMPS check and stands for gas, undercarriage, mixture, power, and seat belt/shoulder harness/systems check. The GUMPS check requires the pilot to check the fuel gauge to determine that the aircraft has enough fuel to land. The â€Å"undercarriage† check is the reminder to lower the landing gear. The mixture check reminds the pilot to set the mixture gauge so that the mixture of fuel and air is at the proper level for landing. The Power check reminds the pilot to maintain the proper power level or landing. Finally, the GUMPS check reminds pilot to prepare them selves and their passengers for landing with seatbelts and shoulder harnesses, as well as, to check all the system gauges once more before descending.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the GUMPS checklist is complete, the pilot is lined up with the runaway, and the air traffic controller has given the go ahead, it is time to land the aircraft. At that point, the pilot aims for the threshold marker on the runway, while lowering the aircraft flaps and pitching the aircraft nose down to the proper glide ratio. This delicate balance continues while the aircraft slows and descends to grounds level. Just before touch down the pilot flares the nose of the aircraft upward and glides the plane onto the runway for a soft landing. Landing :: essays research papers Troy Mosley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Process Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 12, 2001 Landing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s been said that, â€Å"A pilot’s second greatest thrill is flying. Landing is the first.† Without a doubt, while flying around may be fun, it’s not worth it if the pilot can’t land the plane safely. Flight schools spend approximately 50 percent of ground school time going over landing procedures with soon-to-be pilots. The process is not all that complicated, but every step in the process is important and there is a lot to remember.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first requirement when landing an airplane is to inform air traffic control that you entering the traffic pattern of the airport as you approach. Once the pilot gets the go ahead from air traffic control, he must maintain proper altitude in the traffic pattern until he is lined up with the runway. Before dropping altitude the pilot must go through the landing checklist. The checklist is called the GUMPS check and stands for gas, undercarriage, mixture, power, and seat belt/shoulder harness/systems check. The GUMPS check requires the pilot to check the fuel gauge to determine that the aircraft has enough fuel to land. The â€Å"undercarriage† check is the reminder to lower the landing gear. The mixture check reminds the pilot to set the mixture gauge so that the mixture of fuel and air is at the proper level for landing. The Power check reminds the pilot to maintain the proper power level or landing. Finally, the GUMPS check reminds pilot to prepare them selves and their passengers for landing with seatbelts and shoulder harnesses, as well as, to check all the system gauges once more before descending.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the GUMPS checklist is complete, the pilot is lined up with the runaway, and the air traffic controller has given the go ahead, it is time to land the aircraft. At that point, the pilot aims for the threshold marker on the runway, while lowering the aircraft flaps and pitching the aircraft nose down to the proper glide ratio. This delicate balance continues while the aircraft slows and descends to grounds level. Just before touch down the pilot flares the nose of the aircraft upward and glides the plane onto the runway for a soft landing.

Air Water Polution

Air and Water Pollution Derrick Harris University of Phoenix ENV/100 Sam H. Abbas PhD August 9, 2010 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Black Carbon Pollution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Smog Pollution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Water Pollution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5-6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Abstract Air and water pollution has become a great problem in society today. Pollution is not only effecting humans but it is effecting plants, trees and animals and the earth’s natural water supply. This document will give various examples of air pollution and water pollution and how it’s affecting the environment as a whole. Air and water Pollution Introduction The earth is constantly working hard to repair itself for man made pollution such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, sulfur oxides, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. All of the above named pollutants are what is known as primary pollutions; the main reason that they are called primary pollutions is because they are directly released into the earth’s atmosphere and it has adverse affects on everything such as the uman anatomy, the reservoirs as well as animals and even the way major cities sky’s look. But the main things that will be discussed and analyzed are black carbon pollution and smog. The other matters that will be addressed is two types of water pollution such as, Oil spills and trash being dumped into oceans. Black Carbon Pollution According to  lbl. gov  (n. d. ),  Ã¢â ‚¬  Black carbon pollution is the release of tiny particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Air pollution caused by such particulates has been a major problem since the beginning of the industrial revolution and the development of the internal combustion engine . Scientific publications dealing with the analysis of soot and smoke date back as early as 1896. Mankind has become so dependent on the burning of fossil fuels (petroleum products, coal, and natural gas) that the sum total of all combustion-related emissions now constitutes a serious and widespread problem, not only to human health, but also to the entire global environment. †Ã‚  (Why study black carbon pollution,  para. 1). This type of pollution is called primary pollution, because of the fact that the toxins from the fuel are released directly into the air. The adverse affects on humans from back carbon pollution can be asthma, and acute allergies. Black carbon pollution plays a major role in global warming â€Å"Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego atmospheric scientist V. Ramanathan and University of Iowa chemical engineer Greg Carmichael, said that soot and other forms of black carbon could have as much as 60 percent of the current global warming effect of carbon dioxide, more than that of any greenhouse gas besides CO2. † (University of California – San Diego,  2008, para. 2). Smog pollution A smog (2010), according to Smog-Definition, A form of air pollution produced by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides that have been released into the atmosphere, especially by automotive emissions. Most smog in the world come from industrial plants such as power plants and emotions from cars. This type of pollutions is also called primary pollution as well. Smog effects the atmosphere in such a harsh way and causes things such as acid rain. Which destroys plants and some of the world water supplies and this is a very harmful. Smog also contributes to the overcast in some major cities such as New York, Los Angeles and all other major cities. This affects not only American cities but countries outside of the United States of America. Basically smog can be anywhere any major city is. Water Pollution Pollution is the world water way and water supplies is an ongoing problem because of a various reasons but some of the major reason are, oil drilling. Oil is one of the world natural resources and a great majority of it is found in oceans around the world. Now oil is a resources that is needed in society today but, it is also destroying ocean life and causing clean and fresh water to be continually contaminated. Another type of pollution in the water is the dumping of trash into the ocean; as far as the authors opinion trash dumping is one of the worse types of pollution because when different types of fish see the trash in the water the eat it. For example plastic bags are some of the most common things that, get dumped into the ocean and get mistaken for jellfish. Also, fish always get caught in old fish nets and find it hard to get out. These two types of water pollution’s are known as secondary pollution because they are not directly released in to the atmosphere but indirectly from a second source. Conclusion Pollution is and always will be a never ending problem and will continue to effect the world, unless the leaders of today’s society decides that the earth in which humans have to live on and get their resources from is important; pollution will always be a problem. References   lbl. gov. (n. d. ). Black carbon pollution. Retrieved from http://www. lbl. gov/Education/ELSI/pollution-main. html University of California – San Diego, . (2008, March  24). Black carbon pollution emerges as major player IngGlobal warming. Science daily. Retrieved from http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/03/080323210225. htm Smog. (2010). In Smog-Defenition. Retrieved from http://www. thefreedictionary. com/smog

McAfee Spyware Blocker Essay

McAfee, an Intel company, has been an industry leader for antivirus software to protect personal computers for many years. The company has expanded its services from protecting computers to also protecting cellular browsing as well, the software can be used on the iPhone, and Android phones. Product McAfee is introducing a new line of software designed specifically for Android and iPhone devices to block unwanted spying from applications downloaded on the mobile devices. McAfee Spyware Blocker will target applications designed to collect personal and private information. The applications on the users phone that are targeted are; photos, email, browsing history, camera, contacts, passwords, and all information posted in mentioned applications. Mission Statement McAfee Spyware Blocker for the iPhone and Android follows the same mission as the products for its personal computer software. Our mission for the McAfee Spyware Blocker application is to protect each client’s identity and personal information while using their mobile device with an advanced innovative software program designed to protect all information on the mobile device. The McAfee Spyware Blocker will filter all movements on mobile devices and warn the user with unwanted tracking, or spying from developers of applications. This also includes third party applications such as the popular Facebook, Pinterest, Yelp, Instagram, and other social media sites who require access to the users information. Customer Need As the first of its kind, McAfee Spyware Blocker, has set itself apart from other spyware blockers. The software provides protection on mobile devices, and from unwanted sharing of information when downloading applications. The software creates a separate profile based on user preferences, which block all real information of the user. It then forces applications to use false information, created by the user, to run applications that require access to personal information. Clients of McAfee are guaranteed by the history of the company, and its proven success and growth of its other products, which set the company apart from the current competition. The company is in constant development of its products to improve, grow, and meet the quick changing needs of technology and clients. McAfee follows trends and see’s the need for an advanced spyware blocker for the mobile market. The division has developed, what it feels, is an advanced, superior product for its current client base, and has developed a plan to achieve a new market of customers. Vision Model The vision of the McAfee Spyware Blocker is to create the best mobile spyware blocker in the market. The company started with the iPhone and Android markets first, but will add the iPad, iPod, tablet, and eventually all wireless devices. Wireless devices could potentially allow applications to be hacked and monitored for personal and private information. With the growing market of personal mobile and wireless devices, McAfee will continuously grow and advance the current software technology. The advances developed will provide upgrades for current clients and new software for new devices and platforms. The demand for privacy protection in today’s quick moving and growing technology market speaks volumes for the need for new advanced software for the growing community of mobile and wireless devices. The decision to create the McAfee Spyware Blocker division and be a leader in the market was an easy decision, and one that will grow the company in the direction of the ever-expanding technology movement. Business Model Throughout the history of McAfee products, the growing development of new technology has brought about a high demand and need for protection of client’s information. The need to protect clients has grown from personal computers to mobile and wireless devices and has our clients asking for more advanced protection while using an array of devices Mobile browsing on an Android or iPhone device, allows spies to access personal information. In recent years, breeches have caused an increase of identity theft directly related to mobile devices. The information stored, or applications used while on the device are likely to provide an expert hacker to gain valuable personal information. To satisfy the consumer need for protection, McAfee developed the spyware blocker division. The value created to offer advanced protection while operating the Android or iPhone devices, is unparalleled to any other spyware protection claims. No other spyware developed by competing companies has provided the user with absolute confidence of protection while using their mobile device. The software is an advancement of our current products, and the basis of the spyware is the same as in our other products. Because we have added to an existing product, the product, planning, development, and creative costs were minimal in relevance to the overall product offered. The company will continue to develop products that are on the cutting edge of what is going to come in the future. By utilizing the current software platforms, coding, scripting, and language, we are able to make advances quickly and cost effective. McAfee Spyware Blocker will continue to grow and develop as the market grows, and technology advances to include new products, McAfee, Inc. (2014). Vision, Mission, Value The previous launch of the McAfee Expanded Data Security, Application Security, and Ease of Administration in 2012, protected users from browser invasions. The applications, however, did not stop companies from using information from a clients phone, McAfee, Inc. (2014). The previous launch of mobile device protection, allowed McAfee to move in the direction of advanced mobile and wireless protection, by the development of the McAfee Spyware Blocker. The company continues to move in the direction of technology development and advancements and the need to create software to protect clients using multiple platforms, and from the creators  of applications that require access to personal information. The vision and mission of McAfee have always been to protect and provide its clients with the most advanced software protection from spies and hackers. The decision to create a new line of defense against advanced hackers and spies came from the need to protect against unlawful privacy breeches. The value of the product could be described as valuable beyond any dollar. To sell the product, the cost to produce, and the market value of the product describes the cost of the product to be $59.99, which will include any follow-up updates, McAfee, Inc. (2014). Vision, Mission, Value Summary The vision of McAfee Spyware Blocker is that each client will feel secure and trust that their information is protected on their Android or iPhone devices, and in the future, other wireless and mobile devices. The future of McAfee Spyware Blocker, according the analysis of the market research, shows that the software will continue to grow with demand of its clients and technology. The mission of McAfee Spyware Blocker is to be the best in the market, to out sell, out develop and outshine the competition. The ability to build and expand on an existing product to provide clients the best possible product has allowed McAfee to be a leader in spyware blocking software. The employment of highly knowledgeable employee’s of McAfee products gives client’s confidence in receiving assistance with the product Employees will have vital knowledge of the product and how the product works. Having extensive knowledge the users platform (Android/iPhone) will not only give confidence to the leaders of the McAfee Spyware Blocker, but also the end users of the software. Protection of personal information is priceless. Everyone, including the leaders at McAfee, want protection from theft of information. The McAfee Spyware Blocker gives all users exactly that, protection. The stated value  of $59.99 for the product does not include the value of protection, that is the additional bonus of the software. Principles and values The principles and values of the McAfee Spyware Blocker division follow the same guidelines of the company, McAfee, Inc. (2014). Listed below are the five principles of McAfee: 1.Conduct business with honesty and integrity 2.Follow the letter and spirit of the law 3.Treat each other fairly 4.Act in the best interests of McAfee Spyware Blocker and avoid conflicts of interest 5.Protect the company’s assets and reputation, McAfee, Inc. (2014). The company’s business values in the division of McAfee Spyware Blocker follow directly in line with McAfee, Inc. They are listed as: 1.Expertise – We have a deep mastery of digital security, and we never stop building and improving our expertise. 2.Partnership – We have a true sense of teamwork and partnership across McAfee functions and with channel partners and customers, developing collaborative solutions that offer tangible benefits. 3.Integrity – We’re in the business of protecting data from the unscrupulous, performing to the highest standards of ethics and responsibility. 4.Results – We have definitive goals with definitive outcomes, always striving for higher performance and never losing focus. 5.Courage – Being always ready is a requirement for courageous leadership across our business. We’re never intimidated by the audacious challenges we face every day, McAfee, Inc. (2014). The division of McAfee Spyware Blocker promises to be innovative regarding new technology developed for Android, iPhone, wireless devices, and other devices as they grow and change. The spyware blocker software will continue to advance and grow as the malicious methods of unscrupulous individuals and companies develop new ways to spy. References McAfee, Inc. (2014). McAfee for Consumer Retrieved from http://home.mcafee.com/?CID=MFEen-usMHP001 Pearce, J. A. II. (2013). Strategic management: Planning for domestic and global competition (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Thompson, A. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland, A. J. (2012). Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for competitive advantage (18th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Baath party

The constant struggle to promote interests has cultivated the creation of the Baath Party. By incorporating the proper ideals prescribed by the founders and promoting efficient measures to address these issues, the Baath party became a dominant force both in local and international politics. History Tracing the history of the party can be dated back from the early 1940’s. Its primary location of founding was in Damascus wherein the fundamental beliefs were grounded on the idea of socialism.â€Å"The Ba'ath Party is a pan-Arab organisation formed in 1947 at a founding congress in Damascus. † (Issues Briefs, 2007, p. 1) â€Å"The three major proponents of early Baathist thought, Zaki al-Arsuzi, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and Michel Aflaq, were middle-class educators whose political thought had been influenced by Western education. † (The Syrian Encyclopedia, p. 1) The political ideals promulgated by the party then spread into the areas of Syria and expanded in other Ar ab countries. The history of Baathist’s party in Syria can be described as a constant struggle for power.It all started in 1958. â€Å"In 1958—with one of its founders, Salah al-Din Bitar, as foreign minister—it led Syria into the ill-fated United Arab Republic (UAR) with Egypt. † (Infoplease, 2005, p. 1) The next stage of its rise was during the successful coup attempt by the members of the party. â€Å"In 1963 a military coup restored the Ba’ath to power in Syria, and it embarked on a course of large-scale nationalization. † (Infoplease, 2005, p. 1) Another military takeover again prompted the revitalized ideologies of the Ba’ath party during the 70’s.â€Å"Despite constant maneuvering and government changes, the two factions remained in an uneasy coalition of power until 1970, when, in another coup, Assad succeeded in ousting Atassi as prime minister. † (Infoplease, 2005, p. 1) The next section will present the histor ical foundation of the party in Iraqi politics. The founding of the party in Iraq can be attributed to three men who formed the Ba’ath party. â€Å"The three men, Fayiz Ismail, Wasfi al-Ghanim and Sulayman al-Eisa – returned to Syria and joined political scientist Zaki al-Arsoozi, who was intent on founding al-Baath (renaissance) party.† (Aljazeera. net, 2005, p. 1) The formal establishment of the party in Iraq came into force during 1949. â€Å"Upon their return to Baghdad in 1949, they established the Iraqi Baath Party. † Their efforts never became unnoticed for they were recognized by the grand party in Syria. â€Å"The party membership grew steadily from just 50 members in 1951 until they gained recognition by the Baath National Leadership in Damascus. † (Aljazeera. net, 2005, p. 1) Ideologies The Ba’ath party’s ideology revolves around the promotion of Arab nationalism.â€Å"Articulated as the principle of Arab nationalism, the Baath movement was one of several political groups that drew legitimacy from an essentially reactive ideology. † (The Syrian Encyclopedia, p. 1) Their principles are deeply rooted on Arab ideals and political stratification and cooperation. â€Å"The Baath party embraced the principles of â€Å"unity, freedom, and socialism. † (Aljazeera. net, 2005, p. 1) â€Å"From its earliest development, the motivation behind Baathist political thought and its leading supporters was the need to produce a means of reasserting the Arab spirit in the face of foreign domination.† (Iraqi News, 2003, p. 1) In addition, the party seeks to revitalize Arab ideals and foster a deeper invigoration of principles within the community. â€Å"Arabs needed a regeneration of the common heritage of people in the region to drive off debilitating external influences. † (Iraqi News, 2003, p. 1) With these, the party started to create mechanisms and practices to synchronize each party†™s goals in every state. â€Å"In early 1988, the Baath Party began calling for parallelism between regional (qutri) and national (qawmi) goals. † (Aljazeera.net, 2005, p. 1) Scope and Influences in other Countries It has been mentioned on the previous section that Baathist principles have also paved the way for its expansion to other Arab states. The Ba’ath party refers this as national branches. One example of its national branch is in Jordan. â€Å"It was with the annexation of the West Bank (with its large Palestinian population) that the Ba'th Party really grew strong in the country's nationalist-leftist alliance. † (Encyclopedia of the Orient, 2007, p. 1) Another national branch was in Lebanon.â€Å"The Arab Ba'th Party was established in 1948, but in the following year, when international parties were banned, their freedom was limited. † (Encyclopedia of the Orient, 2007, p. 1) Notable successes were highlighted in this country. â€Å"Lebanon wa s used for the Ba'th Party's congresses in 1959 and 1968. † (Encyclopedia of the Orient, 2007, p. 1) Other national branches include of North Yemen and South Yemen. Conclusion The Ba’ath party has a long and rich history which can be attributed to a mixture of failures and successes in Arab politics.As continuous developments occur both in the local and international arena, the Ba’ath party shall continue to exhibit and promote its ideologies that will enhance and protect the interests of the Arab countries both locally and internationally. It is through these objectives that they continue to have a firm grip and hold in local politics in the Arab countries. References Aljazeera. net (2005) ‘The Iraqi Baath Party’ in Aljazeera. [online] Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://english. aljazeera. net/English/archive/archive? ArchiveId=60 Encyclopedia of the Orient. (2007) Ba’ath Socialist Party’ in Encyclopeadia of the Orient.Retrieved D ecember 18, 2007 from http://i-cias. com/e. o/baath. htm Infoplease. (2005) Ba’ath Party. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://www. infoplease. com/ce6/history/A0805601. html Iraqi News. (2003) Al-Baath Party. [on-line] Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://www. iraqinews. com/party_baath_party. shtml Issues Briefs. (2007) History of the Ba’ath Party. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://issuesbriefs. nationalforum. com. au/war-in-iraq/baath. html The Syrian Encyclopedia. Baath Party. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://www. damascus-online. com/se/hist/baath_party. htm

GROWING CALAMITY: AN IN-DEPTH REPORT ON GLOBAL FOOD INSECURITY In The 21st Century Essay

Food prices and the global demand for food have been on the rise in recent years. The catalyst for riots worldwide and food insecurity has caused widespread disturbances in agricultural industries. Food insecurity exists when people do not have adequate physical, social or economic access to food (FAO, United Nations 2009). It is captivating and noteworthy to mention that there is enough food to feed twice the earth’s population yet, food is not being equally distributed. This renders a high percentage of the world’s population poverty-stricken and hungry. Local governments, food rights activists, international trade institutions, and non-governmental organizations are becoming increasingly concerned with food distribution and food sovereignty (Schanbacher, 2010). Neoliberal processes that control  distribution and consumption are dominating policies regarding food production. International trade institution and multinational corporations dominate the entire food chai n, and as a result the global food system has encountered a crisis. The food crisis that persists today is by no means a sudden disaster that has struck the agricultural industry. It is the manifestation of a long-standing crisis in agriculture. Neoliberal global food systems have significantly modified the dynamics of agricultural production and farmers no longer have control over the food they produce and are subjected to volatile markets (Borras, 2009). Data collected by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization between 2004 and 2006 shows that the number of undernourished people in the world has been steadily increasing for almost two decades. The report showed that there was little or no progress being made towards World Food Summit targets to reduce hunger and that most of the countries were suffering from undernourishment (FAO, United Nations, 2009). While lesser-developed countries do benefit from some aspects of neoliberal globalization, it must be said that the same processes put marginalized societies at risk; impoverished farmers are no exception. These vulnerable farmers endure diminished technological resources and face stiff competition from capital-intensive foreign producers (Friedman, 2005). For decades the food industry’s hegemonic agents have perpetuated liberalized and unsustainable food systems that have resulted in many countries to falling victim to food insecurity. Such a grave and widespread problem warrants an in-depth exploration, to be carried out within this report. Beginning with a probe into the historical and contemporary challenges of food insecurity, this paper contends that structural changes at an international level are necessary to improve global access to sustenance. Case studies and multifaceted conceptualizations of the issue culminate in the identification of viable solutions to eradicat e food insecurity forever. HISTORICAL CONTEXT Although food insecurity is not a new phenomenon, the term was only coined in the mid-1970s, following a food crisis in 1972, which lasted for one year (Fulton, 2012). The magnitude of that crisis caused many to remark it, as the advent of food insecurity itself. Although it is often thought that  food insecurity is a result of food scarcity, Friedmann (1982) explains that food insecurity should be conceptualize as â€Å"a structural turning point† in the globe’s food production and distribution. Friedmann considers this first global food crisis to be the initial breakdown of the world’s food economy; which sustained grain surpluses and depressed prices (1982). Fulton also attempts to draw our attention to the heart of the matter by referring to the paradigm shift within the international food security discourse. Fulton (2012) contends that the analytical focus of the issue changed from food supply management, to the assessment of people’s ability to saf ely and consistently access food in a timely manner. In retrospect, the invention of new seed technologies, investments in rural agriculture, modern fertilizers and irrigation, caused many to be surprised by the catastrophe (Timmer, 2010). A variety of complex events, such as the oil crisis, rendered developing nations vulnerable and triggered the 1972 food crises (Friedmann, 1993). While some scholars regard oil’s radical price increases as the key catalyst to the food crisis, others interpret it differently (Fulton, 2012). Timmer for example, suggests that the high food prices led to soaring crude oil prices and that environmental catalysts were at the core of the 1972 food crisis (2010). Timmer goes on to explain that during the dry season in 1972 a severe drought, caused by El Nino, caused rice crops in Indonesia, Thailand and, the Philippines to be drastically reduced (Timmer, 2010). Soon after, domestic prices and demand for rice skyrocketed. To meet domestic demand Tha iland, the world’s leading rice exporter, banned rice export in April 1973. What followed was a nine months standstill in world rice markets. Countries were left to depend on rice imports to fulfill domestic demand for food. Residual effects of El Nino spread far across the globe and had devastating ramifications. In 1972 the world’s grain production decreased by 16 million metric tons (mmt), rice production dropped by14mmt and, wheat production diminished by 8mmt. Cumulatively, the total shortfall in world grain supply amounted to approximately 70 tons and represented an 8% reduction in global food supply. As a result of the shortage of food grains, prices rose. As a means of guranteeing their domestic food supply, oil-rich food-importing nation-states, reacted with an oil embargo against the United States and the former Soviet Union. Following the increase in oil prices, fertilizer  prices also went up. The international community responded to the crisis and the countries in dire straits, by formulating what Friedmann terms a â€Å"temporary, elegant and dangerous† solution (1993). The solution was to offer lavished transnational bank loans, financed by oil-rich nations (Friedmann, 1993). The global food crisis originated due to severe weather conditions that were exacerbated by financial turmoil. Together with the Cold War, these issues aggravated the socio-political and economic conditions which eventually lead to explosive grain prices. CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES: CASE STUDIES Since the food crisis in the early 1970s, humanity has witnessed a variety of countries declaring food emergencies, such as famine. In the year 2006 alone, twenty-five of the thirty-nine serious food emergencies were caused by the aftermath of violent conflicts, natural hazards or, a combination of the two (Alinovi, 2007). Of these thirty-nine serious food traumas, several of these crises were on-going for years and, in some cases for decades (Alinovi, 2007). The intensity and severity of a nation’s political conflicts dictates the impact that that conflict has on the food security. In certain instances it is impossible for some developing nations to overcome such dismal conditions. Since 1986, at least five African countries have been in a constant state of food insecurity for fifteen years, or more. A country that best embodies this is Somalia. Recent occurrences in the Horn of Africa, where hundreds of thousands of people died due to starvation, have been well publicized an d are well-known by the general public. Without looking at the broader context, the mainstream media was quick to assert that the famine in Somalia was caused by severe drought. While it is correct that the region received the lowest rainfall that it had in sixty years, the famine was compounded by neglect. Two years prior to the famine, Islamist rebels prohibited most aid agencies from working in Somalia and the rebels only rescinded the ban when the food situation there was officially labeled a ‘famine’. Famines are declared when, a third of the child population is acutely malnourished and when two adults or four children per 10,000 people die of hunger each day (Chossudovsky, 2011). Before and during the famine in Somalia, the atmosphere was one of lawlessness, gang warfare and anarchy; all of which  contributed to the famine (Chossudovsky, 2011). It is noteworthy to mention that this was not the first time that conditions were severe in Somalia. In fact, in 1992 t housands of citizens starved to death and far-reaching famines prompted international intervention. When President Siad Barre was overthrown in 1991, Somalia effectively became a failed state and politically driven civil-wars led to impoverishment. United Nations peacekeeping forces were eventually pulled out of the country after two American Black Hawk helicopters were shot down in 1993. Another nation that exemplifies contemporary food insecurity is Sudan. In the case of Sudanese, the major catalyst for the crisis was the conflict between the central government and a rebel group, the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) (Alinovi, 2007). When a country endures a civil war, an extraordinary amount of stress is placed on the civilian population. Not only are hospitals, clinics, schools and agriculture services diminished, or closed altogether, trade links and communication networks are disrupted indefinitely (Dodge, 1990). The policies enacted by the Sudanese government are directly related to the level of food insecurity experienced in the country’s Nuba Mountains. The Unregistered Land Act of 1970 resulted in a grab for farming land and displaced peaceful Nuba villagers. In addition to disrupting the Nuba people’s agro-ecology, humanitarian aid in SPLA controlled areas was blocked (Pantuliano, 2007). These measures successfully disrupted the vil lager’s conventional farming systems in favour of large-scale mechanized corporate agriculture (Pantuliano, 2007). These two case studies are prime examples of nations that have suffered from food insecurity due to political conflicts, lawlessness and anarchy. It is clear that given the multidimensional nature of the problem, short-term humanitarian aid will not yield successful results. Consequently, a complex issue such as food insecurity requires multifaceted solutions. EXPLORING FOOD INSECURITY The causes of food insecurity are as unique as the countries that are impacted; therefore conceptualizing the issue requires that it be examined from varying angles. An inability to access adequate and nutritious food inevitably results in malnourishment. This section will examine whether  the Malthusian theory can assist in obtaining a greater understanding of the emergence and persistence of food insecurity. The Malthusian Theory of Population refers to works by Robert Malthus. Malthus’ theory relies on the premise that two fixed factors are the driving forces of human existence: food and passion between the sexes. Further, Malthus contends that unchecked populations grow exponentially, while food supplies increase arithmetically. These differing growth rates are what Malthus believed caused populations to grow faster than their food supply; according to him, this in turn causes food insecurity. Appendix A represents this concept visually. Malthus believed that when a high population is strained due to a lack of food, naturally occurring ‘preventive checks’ keep the population from getting out of control (Drysdale, 1878). Essentially he believed that food insecurity itself was caused these checks (Drysdale, 1878). There are however many critics of the Malthusian Theory. Ester Boserup believed that a small population actually restrains technological innovations and keeps agriculture at subsistence levels. Boserup asserts that major innovations in agriculture only occurred when food insecurity was a factor because it forced large populations to find any means of sustaining its populace. Julian Simon was equally as critical of Malthus and regarded people as resource creators rather than, resource destroyers. Simon believed that population growth has a positive, and not a negative impact on development. Both Boserup and Simon contend that the Malthusian Theory of Population fails to sufficiently explain the causes of food insecurity (Malthus ian Crisis, 2009). Critics go on to highlight another of Robert Malthus’s shortcomings; he did not take into account human ability to intentionally control birth rate. The Malthusian theory states that food insecurity results in population controls such as: food shortages, epidemics, pestilence and plagues. It is therefore possible for humans, given a lack of food, to simply decide to limit their reproduction. Malthusian theory also underestimates the possibility that food can increase at an exponential rate. Scientific advancements in the last few centuries have made the exponential growth of food production a reality (International Society, 2009). Neo-Malthusian theory, despite accepting human being’s ability to control fertility and therefore the population growth rate, still fails to account for the progress being made towards increasing global food supplies  (Acselrad, 2006). Many of the areas that experience food insecurity are in third world countries, which are characterized by very high birth rates. The concern now is to find out why food insecurity continues to exist. If Malthus’ theory has been disproven and there truly is enough food for everyone in the world it is extremely important, now more than ever, to examine other possible causes of continued international food imbalances. EXPLORING FOOD INSECURITY: THE ROLE OF CORPORATIONS While Malthus was correct in his emphasis on technology and the environmental burdens associated with food production, in relation to the effects of food insecurity, he could not have conceptualized the far-reaching impact of large multinational agribusiness corporations. Contemporary industrialized society’s agricultural economies are characterized by the commodification of food products, engineered from the farm to the dinner table (Drabenstott, 1995). This industrialized approach applies principals of economic efficiency to cultivation and, has resulted in a slippery slope of revenue prioritization achieved through the technological alteration of food itself. Biotechnology has enabled the food industry to increase crop yield and revenues through the isolation and incorporation of specific traits from other plants or animals, into food products (Drabenstott, 1995). While Genetically Modified Organisms or GMO foods superficially appear to be reducing shortages, and by extrapo lation food scarcity related deaths; environmental damage caused by intense corporate farming and the high toxicity of GMO foods, actually work to undermine the world’s food security. Intensive farming by agribusinesses degrades the soil and increases the industry’s reliance on chemicals. Fiscally sound, the application of pesticides during the food cultivation process produces greater yield and assures better storage and distribution of the product (Court, 2006). Generally applied aerially using helicopters or airplanes, herbicides such as Atrazine are estrogen disruptors and increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease (Aiyelaagbe, 2011). Herbicides often transported via surface runoff, leeches into the ground where it contaminates distant water sources and, can cause cancer after increased exposure (Aiyelaagbe, 2011). Toxins applied during production are inevitably transferred to the produce and have adverse effects on human populations worldwide. Genetically eng ineered or  modified foods have similar, unpublicized, adverse effect. Global leader in agribusiness ingenuity, Monsanto Corporation’s modified â€Å"Bt† corn was engineered with a bacteria bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterium produces the pesticide Bttoxin aimed at killing insects during production. Appendix B illustrates this process. Monsanto Corporation told the public that the Bttoxin was entirely safe because it would be completely destroyed in the human digestive system; however that was not a true statement. Studies have shown the pesticide to be present in the fetal blood of 80% of pregnant Canadian women tested (Smith, 2013). The full effects of the toxin are still unknown nevertheless preliminary research indicates that ‘Bt’ may cause deformities in unborn children (Smith, 2013). Without speaking to the morality of the subject, technological changes to alter the biological processes of plants and animals for the purposes of increasing crop yield, is actually counter-productive to the goal of sustaining life. Corpo rations such as Monsanto facilitate modern industrial society’s commodification of life sustaining nourishment. In short, the western corporatization of agriculture has left the world with a food system that no longer functions to provide safe, wholesome and nutritious food for all people. SOLUTIONS & CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity can be found in every corner of the globe and is usually caused by drought, famine, natural disasters, war, political instability, economic upheaval and most recently, global warming. Although developed and developing countries alike suffer from varying degrees of the problem, the former suffers less often than the latter. As is the case in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, USA; food insecurity can be a short-term problem, that if effectively tackled, can be rectified (Huffingtonpost, 2012). Food insecurity can also spiral into a long-term problem, as is the case in Sudan North Africa where political instability has fostered food insecurity in the region (Mensah, 2013). Food insecurity in most cases is caused by natural disasters (ie. earthquake in Haiti, tsunami in Thailand) where there is little or no warning. Natural disasters destroy infrastructure and food supplies; therefore it is a necessity that nations be ready in the event of any emergency. The first step to take when the problem of food insecurity arises is to evaluate local needs. Need is  determined by the causal factors of the crisis in a particular area. Conducting a comprehensive evaluation, by examining key data on local assets, resources and, livelihood strategies is key to minimizing damage. For example, response teams could be sent out to meet directly with community members to better understand local conditions and create a collaborative plan of action to end food insecurity. The solutions to food insecurity can be classified into two categories: short-term and long-term solutions. Short-term solutions usually precede long-term solutions; and are the first responses to emergency situations. Short-term strategies include the distribution of food, cash and other items to prevent food insecurity in smaller timeframe. An example of this can be observed among the poor in the United States on food stamps and as well as in Haiti. Haiti received food aid and cash gifts from organizations and people around the world after an earthquake struck the island nation. Haiti has had a long history of food insecurity, brought about by political instability and poor governance. Long-term solutions to food insecurity are devised with a more stable future in mind. Technological innovations have proven to be the main source of hope for future food security. Through technological innovation we can and have been able increase crop production to fight food insecurity and build stability internationally. Through sophisticated methods like genetic engineering, scientists have been able to modify the DNA of crops in order to increase agricultural output. ‘’An example [of this] can be observed in the case of an apple; ‘’an apple is about the size of a little pea, it started somewhere in Russia and it was inedible at the time of discovery. The domestication of the plant has resulted in twenty thousand different varieties of the fruit, all originated from one plant species (Despommier, n.d.). This report, above all things, demonstrates that augmented crop yield does absolutely nothing to increase marginalized people’s access to food. Technologically driven agriculture is unsustainable and damages poorer populationsâ€⠄¢ only tool of self-determinism: the land. Genetically modified foods and seeds contain diminished nutritional value and are toxic to human beings. Food insecurity in actuality, directly relates to socio-political issues that exacerbate the neo-liberal dilemma of unfair food distribution. Each country must therefore resist hegemonic policies and take their population’s survival into their own hands. This report  calls for return to subsistence farming. Importing food to meet domestic need, in constantly fluctuating and volatile markets, adds to the problem of unreliable food supplies. Neither entirely correct nor incorrect, Malthus had no way of accounting for globalizations’ impact on absolutely every facet of contemporary life. Unless the international community abandons â€Å"equality† in favor of equity, rampant food insecurity will continue. WORKS CITED Abandon the Cube (2011). Seven Billion†¦ and Counting. Abandon the Cube. Retrieved from http://www.abandonthecube.com/blog/tag/malthusian-crisis/. Acselrad, H. (2006). 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